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MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu CMS.608 / CMS.864 Game Design Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.Information as a measure of uncertainty (possibility space) Information = freedom? Information - Choice – degrees of freedom Uncertainty - Noise + Information Noise is not actually bad, especially for games! Inefficiency as a source of fun. Applications of Noise – Obfuscation, encryption, misdirection Obfuscation as a means of introducing noise, as well as communication constraints. Codes and encryption. Pictionary/charades Misdirection - Decision making as a source of noise (deliberate or accidental bluffing, wild-goose chases) Redundancy opposes noise. Error correction, referees, photo-finishes, Information as a commodity (knowledge) Something that can be traded? Perfect and imperfect information (has nothing to do with “uncertainty”) Pearce: Known to all Known to one Hidden to all RandomExercise: Clue Where does probabilistic information lie? (Say, the remaining cards of a deck) What about rules? Are they information? What about rules you discover midway? (Fluid, Fluxx, computer games) What about the hidden cards in Clue? How does memory fit in this? How about player computational power? Games with decreasing uncertainty? Zimmerman: Objective and perceived information – is this a useful distinction? Is objective information just Shannon’s “information”, a measure of uncertainty? If a limited resource has been played (trumps, Scrabble letters), how has uncertainty changed? How does this affect Shannon’s possibility space? Your access to “perceived information”? Tactics versus strategy Managing information overload (Transparency versus confusion) The transformative power of hidden information New information as a source of changing strategies and goals But also the source of possible confusion (conflicting models of information)What about being able to distinguish secret, but valid information from misinformation (or noise)? Guessing games Sudoku vs Crosswords Mastermind Picross Hangman RPS variants Don’t forget Friday Games at GAMBITRPS variant 1 • Play continual rounds of rock-paper-scissors • Do not throw the same symbol twice in a row • Win 3 rounds to win the game, ties don’t countRPS variant 2 • Hold one hand behind your back • Choose rock, paper, or scissors with the hidden hand • Play continual rounds of RPS with your other hand • Do not throw your hidden symbol twice in a rowRPS variant 3 • Hold one hand behind your back • Choose rock, paper, or scissors with the hidden hand • Play continual rounds of RPS with your other hand • Only your hidden symbol can be thrown twice in a


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MIT CMS 608 - LECTURE NOTES

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