Final Exam Study Guide: Lectures 10-17Lecture 10: Rethinking Universals of Nature and Environmentalismo Ethnoburb : suburban ethnic clusters of residential areas and business districts in large metropolitan areas- Multiethnic communities, where one ethnic group has significant concentration but doesn’t necessarily constitute a majority.Ex. upwardly mobile Chinese moved out of Chinatown and other nearby inner-city neighborhoods in this area.-New immigrants with higher educational backgrounds, professional occupations and financial resources starting moving in. o Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): Why Monterey Park?1. Unfavorable conditions in and around Chinatown2. Accessibility3. Prior ties4. Relative diversity5. Practices of local realtors6. Superior feng shui -Ethnoburbs= spatial and share characteristics with ethnic enclaves (Chinatown) and white suburbs- Shaped by political economic factors and global geographical politics for U.S. immigrants and trade policiesLecture 11: Rethinking Universals of Nature and Environmentalism cont. o Scale: global=scale of analysis-Relative size or extent and relative measure lone scale is only meaningful relative to anotherEx. body and individual family and home local and community region (of country)nation(world) planet and globeo “ Global”: scale for approaching, evaluating, and understanding social and environmental issues. o Way of imagining the world and our relation to it implies how we perceive social and environmental issues- World problems affect everyone interconnected and internationalo Global Processes: take place on larger scale than national, local, or regional and involve connections amongpeople and places across the planet. Ex. Environmental pollution in metropolitan areas near waste processing facilitiesWhy more pollution in these areas?-Groups=residents and farmworkers.-When you look at things from different perspective and scales, you get different understandings of problem. GEOG 3 1st EditionCOLE FOSTER: -Kettleman City-Farming Community in central California-Think about how problems of scale affect our environment-Global issues: pollution, land fills, global warming-We DON’T talk about problems poor people and workers face everyday o Environmental Injustice: disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on poor people, marginalized groups and people of color. o Environmental Racism: disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color. Cerrell Report 1984: people in these areas have lower educational attainment and less politically active-less resistance-matter of practicality. o Structural Racism and Injustice: system of social structures that produces cumulative, durable, (class and race-based) inequalities.Ex. Cerell Report: advises Garbage Company that best place to locate landfills and dumps is in low-income, rural areas because they will encounter less resistance to facility. because lower levels of education and less politically active. Pulido- How did white, middle-class distance themselves from pollution?-Leaders of government know what’s going on← - Lust for money and “things” money can buy outweigh any concerns normal people would have for thecommunity they’re spilling these chemicals into.o Environmental Justice: achieving equity and fair share of environmental burdens and benefits. -Main Idea: In a broader analysis, we must reconceptualize grassroots activism as more than an attempt to disrupt the decisions of private corps. Instead, grassroots struggles are crucial to reconstructing social relations through systems of localized environmental decision-making. Lecture 12: Pellow and Park Readingso Environmental Shadows: production (not just disposal) of the items we use everyday creates this:-Dark areas cast by the production of these items and that often remain hidden from light. PELLOW AND PARK: -Silicon Valley- New tech-clean? Mirage!o Superfund Site: uncontrolled and abandoned place where hazardous waste is located.-General lack of knowledge of hazards← Inadequate health and safety training ← Lack of regulation of workplace by management and state agencies← Discomfort and lack of productivity associated with wearing protective equipmento “ Silicon Curtain”: -look behind it! -Sheen, sleek outer shell of tech industry -Image created for mass consumption by public relations firms and mainstream media -“Underside” of S.V. human suffering, preventable illness, premature death, exploitation of workers, ecological devastation and increasing social inequality.BARBOZA: -suppliers allowed slimmest profits so cut corners- Replace expensive chem. With less costly alternatives- Push employees to work faster and longer-Customers care more about iPhone than working conditions in China-Culture of secrecy!-Economic benefits unevenly distributed-benefit of fewo Environmental Shadow : environmental and human costs that are hidden in the shadows cast by tech production around the world.o Politics of “Nature”: What’s at stake-what stands to be gained or lost and by whom-in how we define “nature”-Nature: phenomena of physical world collectively including plants, animals, landscape and other-Features and products of earth, as opposed to humans or human creations Lecture 13: Spatialities of Migration-Main Idea: co. don’t care about factory conditions because they don’t want to cut profit- Ultimately consumers drive the factory problems because of their need for new products o Social Constitution of “Nature”: - product of human choices, beliefs, and actions- World has been shaped by long histories of interactions involving humans and other creatures -We’re social beings - Nature defined because of relationships of culture and power-Human invention in shaping of natureEx. zoos-Building “collection” at zoo, people displayed as well-Zoo as circus-animals trained-Modernizing zoo-science and medical and anti. and tranquilizers-Bio bank and nature’s recovery-capture breeding animal care center o Epistemes: ways of thinking about world that comes to dominate in a particular per. MARK SPENCE: -Yellowstone National Park- Wilderness and nature produced through very pointed set of rel. in which one group of people who was with Land in certain way pushed out so that another group could use it in another way.-Nature being protected from certain kind of people (Native Americans)-flaw-wild and uncivilized←