Exam 1 Study Guide: Lectures 1-9Lecture 1: Introduction to Cultural Geography Cultural geographers are interested in:o How and why location matterso Thinking about space/place as social processeso How people relate to their environments and surroundings and why different people experiencethem in different wayso The ways people and places are connected across the globe -Space: Social process that takes shape through relations of power.-Place: Includes the identities ascribed to these processes, the identification of them, the naming and characterization of spaceLecture 2: Place-making and Cultural and Embodied Senses of Placeo Culture: The totality of behavior patterns, ways of living and thinking, everyday practices, arts, beliefs, morals, institutions, and all other products of work and thought that shape and come out of human life.o Franz Boas (1858-1942): challenged biological determinism, father of cultural anthropology in the U.S. o Biological determinism: human biology, especially race, determines behavioro Biology is plastico Deracinated cultureo Endorsed cultural relativismo He believed the head size of different groups would change and even the head sizes of siblings living in other places were different.o Carl O. Sauer (1889-1975): Challenged environmental determinism, began geography department at UCBerkeleyo Environmental determinism: Physical environment, especially climate, determines behavioro The Morphology of Landscape: study of the form of thingso Q1: How and why do different ways of thinking take shape in different places?o A: Massey: professor of geography at Open University, UK Cultural practices/ideas are products of histories of interactions All cultures are hybrid…they are mixed, not pure. They involve active importation, adoption, and adaption Local Yucatan youth culture is a product of interaction, contingent (historically specific and constantly changing), involving connections among multiple scales (local, national, global), and shaped by relations of power.  Our lives are also shaped by efforts people make to territorialize space, to create boundaries, and to only let some people in. o Snippets of the World-“Senses of place”o How do these people experience place? o Hetherington: Sarah in the UK GEOG 3 1st Edition Haptic: relating to the sense of touch We can be unequally positioned within different spaces on the basis of our bodily capabilities.o Feld: Kaluli people who live in rainforest on the Great Papuan Plateau in PNG. Because they live in a dense rainforest where they must hunt to survive they have learned to experience their surrounding through sound. Our surroundings shape the development of our bodies/senses. Acoustemology: sonic way of knowing place, a way of attending to hear, a way of absorbing.o Law: Filipina migrant laborers in Hong Kong Embodied experiences based on citizenship, race, gender, sexuality and class can shape our experiences of place Sensory landscapes: evocations of place through senses such as smell, taste, and sound Women transform Central District of Hong Kong into “Little Manila” through sense of taste, smell, a sound Marginal positioning within Hong Kong because of their vulnerable citizenship and labor of statusWe have to understand all cultural forms as:- Hybrid- Produced though processes of interaction- Contingent (historically specific and constantly changing)- Involving connections among multiple scales (local, national, global)- Shaped by relations of powerLecture 3: The Rules of Place1) Basso: Apache Indians in Cibeque, AZi. Place-worlds: worlds tied to and imagined through places1. Ex. speech of their ancestorsii. Describe the place with rich descriptive imageryiii. Offer evidence of change in the landscapeiv. Commemorate things that happened in the pasts and are linked to traditional stories, often with moralso Politics of positioning (of location): What is at stake in how we are positioned in relation to others on account of a number of different factors including gender, sexuality, race, class, citizenship, able-bodiness, history, and geography We can be unequally positioned within different spaces on basis of our bodily capabilities and things designers did or did not take for grantedo Spatial conception of history: Ways of understanding the past in relation to specific placeso Rules of place: The spoken and unspoken, recognized and unconscious, ways people are expected to behave in certain settingso Landscape: arrangement/pattern of things on land; the look/style of the land, the shape and structure of a place Social processes Interested in the things that are represented/signified by their arrangement, the social relationships that go into their making and the kinds of social relations that are encouraged/fostered by certainWhen we talk about landscapes we are interested in:o Ways they symbolize diff things for diff people.o The social relationships that go into their making. o Kinds of social relations that are encouraged or fostered by certain ones.o Swentzell: The Santa Clara Pueblo Schools - Compares two kinds of land: Santa Clara and the school.- To be alive is to learn.- Boundaries between indoors and outdoors, strong ideas for privacy and private property.- Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA): built schools on native American reservations- Ideas of learning very foreign. Barbed fence around it, 1.5 miles away from reservation. Isolated,trees and rocks removed. Fence equals protection but for them=mistrust. - Children grouped according to group level…in pueblo younger taught older, everyone works together. Makes her feel unhappy….can never be happy where you are. Saddest thing, all ground had been leveled. School=sad, dead place. - Results: children feel a lack of confidence and feelings of inadequacyo Grazian: Associate Professor of Sociology, U of Penn. o Urban Nightlife Anonymous worlds of strangers Affluent world of strangerso Proxemics: Study of different ways people perceive and use space in different places and cultures o Cultural capital: education, social, cultural and intellectual forms of knowledge that some people have and that grant them a higher status and enable them to move through certain spaces more comfortably/easily. o Gender in dominant U.S. American Society: Only two categories of people (men and women) is part of gender Some in society don’t fit in these categories but are still