GEOG 3 1st EditionLecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Policing Urban SpaceOutline of Current Lecture II. Finish HerbertIII. RecapIV. Discuss Duneier and SchweikCurrent LecturePolicing Space: Territorial control-Steve Herbert- “Normative order”: set of rules and practices centered on a primary value. -Six Normative orders shaping LAPD.Normative Order #5: Competence.o Primary value: the desire to demonstrate capability.o Two audiences:o The suspects they encountero Other police officerso Demonstrating competence for the police means demonstrating that they control what does and does not occur in their area. They can assert authority and dominance over people by controlling their movements. o Gathering “geographical intelligence”o Learning about possible escape routes or hideouts in their territories or about where a suspect may be by using the helicopter. o Graffiti is a way of marking “ownership” of space/territorial dominance. o “Losing it”: unable to control ones areaNormative order #6: Morality.o Police tend to see those who they are going after as evil and not as a normal human person.o “bad guy”, “knucklehead”, “terrorist”, “punk”o Are people really bad guys and good guys? Summary: Herbert is trying to humanize police officers. They are different and not all the same even in their own department. They still feel pressure. We are all agents negotiating different structures and values in our lives. Recap:o How people experience places in different wayso How landscapes reflect different cultural ideaso Shape ways we actHow do perceptions of places shape social relationships?o You are where you live. o People identify (or come to disidentify) with the places they live/come from. o People perceive you/make assumptions about you based on where you live/are from, and this can shape how they treat you.o Places have symbolic valueso Ex. Beverly Hills=rich, glamour.o Nappa Valley=whiteo Las Vegas=moneyo “Politics of representation”o What is at stake in the way something is represented, including what informs a representation and the image it projects. Ex. Britney Spears Images- America’s Sweetheart- Pop Superstar- Sweet Mom- A hot mess Britney- Rehab Britney- The truth about Britney- Married Britney Every image creates a different perceptions/assumptions and create a different storyo Every representation has a politics People can change!- Ex. Watts Riots and Watts House Projecto How we tell a story about a place, how we present the issues and the needs of the community in it, has implications for how we understand what can happen toimprove life there, who should be involved in this process, and who can be imagined as an agent of change. o Mitchell Duneiero “Broken Windows” theory Homeless people are broken windows. “the unchecked panhandler…” They argue that social disorder makes residents “fearful” but they are not  Many citizens are afraid of “disorderedly” people- “Not violent nor criminals, but disreputable or obstreperous…” Nobody cares about the broken windows. It refers to all those things that (the believe) create a sense of social disorder. Idea: untended property invites vandals because it makes people think noone cares about the neighborhoods If people start to believe crime is on rise, they start caring and trying to find someone to blame.o Duneier challenges this theory and introduces the term “unhoused” instead of “homeless”. Meets Hakim. He sells black books about issues of Africans. Duneier finds that he’s very smart and a good counselor. Duneier finds out a lot of thesemen are unhoused.  There is informal social organization on the streets, and that these men are embedded in a habitat that enables them to do the work they do and survive o These men opt to sleep on the street because: Save vending space Save money Use cracko Beds are cultural artifactso He would rather have a place to live but won’t opt if it means giving things up that are important to him. Schweik: “the ugly law”o City ordinances that lasted until 1970s and that prohibited people who were diseased to be seen in public spaceso Judgment about bodily aesthetics and use of that law to repress certain individualso Chicago City Codeo San Francisco Codeo 1974: Police takes a homeless into custody for having scars and marks on his bodyo Contrast between who does or doesn’t belongo What is it that disturbs us from seeing them?o Why homelessness is seemed different from place to place?o Ex. Beverly Hills and Skid Rowo Point in time countso Period prevalence