Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. TransnationalismOutline of Current Lecture II. Commodity ChainsIII. Life and Debt FilmCurrent LectureRecap:- Transnational: back-and-forth movements- Diaspora: longing for the homeland of a person that for some reason can’t be accessed- Space of nonexistence-Coutin’s term- What does it mean to be emplaced? Longyan example from last lecture. - What’re the geographies of our desires? Lecture:- Where did your breakfast come from?o How many of you ate something you grew or picked yourself? Wheat field, etc. o All of us live our lives (we sub exist) through our purchase of many objects as commodities. Commodity Chains and Identities- Commodity: any good or service that is produced by human labor and that is offered for sale on the marketo Any service that you buy (massage, therapist)o When we buy a commodity, we don’t always really know what we’re buying because we don’t know the labor and the conditions under which the product was made. o Example: campaign for the Gap, Tommy Hillfiger, Lee Cooper jeans (ape picture)- Cultural geographers are interested in:1. How, why, where, and under what conditions are commodities produced?2. The ways commodity chains link peoples lives in different ways- Estabrook’s piece:o Ex: Tomatoes Where were they grown?  Most of the tomatoes grown in Florida are picked by undocumented workers and some who are slaves Slavery still does exist Florida accounts for one third of the tomatoes grown in the U.S. It accounts for 90% of those grown in the U.S. during December through May! o Why are tomatoes grown in Florida?  It’s located in a way that’s easy to transport throughout the country GEOG 3 1st Edition Because Florida is humid, there are many chances of fungus on the plants and also may attract insects, so herbicides and pesticides need to be used on these plants.  The residues remain in the soil, on the plants, and the workers have horrible respiratory systems and babies born with birth defects.  Most workers picking tomatoes today receive the same wages they received 30 years ago.  Adjusted for inflation, this means their wages have dropped by 50%- Paid by the bushel Florida has freed 1000 men and women who were forced to work in those fields. Some are pistol whipped, slapped, yelled at, locked up, and/or sold. - Commodity chain: a network of labor and production process whose end result is a finished commodity- Some commodity chains are local or national, but many are now globalized—they connect people and places on a global scale. Reading Piece on Papaya: - Pickers and packers- The buyer (Mina)- The papaya importer (Tony)- The papaya farmer (Jim)- The farm foreman (Philipps) - Spatial justice (general term): The study of how the world’s resources are distributed geographically and what can be done to make that distribution fair.Film: Life and Debt-International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in Jamaica-Kingston