Week 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Concepts Bonding Rules Organic Structures variety of forms Functional Groups general name and structure Isomers Lecture 1 2 Functional Groups Bonding Rules Memorize C 4 bonds H 1 bond O 2 bonds N 3 bonds 4 if with a charge halogens 1 bond S 2 bonds P 5 bonds Ques 1 Write possible atom arrangements for 4 carbons and whatever H s necessary Identify the following alkane alkene alkyne and ring structures Ques 2 Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons 1 oxygen and whatever H s necessary Identify the following alcohol ether aldehyde and ketone Ques 3 Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons 2 oxygen and whatever H s necessary Identify the following ester and acid Ques 4 Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons 1 nitrogen and whatever H s necessary Identify the following 3 types of amines Ques 5 Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons 1 oxygen 1 nitrogen and whatever H s necessary Identify the following amide Ques 6 Identify the functional groups in the following structures Ques 7 Identify the functional groups in the following structures Ques 8 Identify the functional groups in the following structures Ques 9 What are the general properties of organic compounds vs inorganic compounds Bonding Polarity Melting and Boiling points Solubility in water QUES 10 Functional Groups Structures and Molecular Geometry Name Structure Examples isomers CC Geometry Alkanes C C all single bonds C4H10 Alkenes C C double bonds C3H6 Alkynes C3H4 triple bonds Alcohols C OH Thiol and Disulfides C SH C S S C Ethers C O C Aldehydes Ketones Acids C4H10O C4H10S O H C H O R R C R O C O H C4H10S2 C4H10O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O2 3 D Structure O R C O R O R C N H 2 O O C N H A 3 M R R C O Esters C4H8O2 Amines C3H9N three types R NH2 Amides Salts Hemiaceta l Acetal C3H7NO two types O H H 2C O C H 3 C4H7O2 M C3H10N AC4H10O2 O C H 3 H C 2O C H 3 Week 1 Lecture 3 Nomenclature How to Name Organic Compounds Memorize root names of alkanes associated with the number of carbons present 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane 5 pentane 6 hexane 7 heptane 8 octane 9 nonane 10 decane WRITE NAMES given the structure 1 Root Name Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and assign a root name A ring requires the prefix cyclo 2 Functional group Identify the functional group and determine the appropriate ending for the root 3 Number the carbons so that the carbon with the functional group or branch will have the lowest number In front of the root name write the position of the carbon with the functional group if necessary 4 Hydrocarbon Branches Identify and write any hydrocarbon branches with yl endings and their position numbers if any 5 Inorganic Groups Identify and write any inorganic groups and their positions if any 6 Final Name In the names hyphens separate numbers and names commas separate two or more numbers and word parts are NOT separated except in ethers and esters WRITE STRUCTURES given the name 1 Root Name Write the number of carbons according to the root name A ring is indicated by the prefix cyclo 2 Number the carbons Assign a number to each carbon of the root most of the time left to right 3 Functional group Write the functioinal group as indicated by the endingof the rootname at the appropriate position Indicated by the nature of the functional groups or the position number given front of the name 4 Hydrocarbon Branches Write any hydrocarbon branches at the appropriate position number if any 5 Inorganic Groups Write any inorganic groups at the appropriate positions if any 6 Complete the structure by adding the appropriate numbers of hydrogens to each carbon Carbon must have four bonds QUES 11 Functional Groups Structures and Nomenclature Name Structure Examples isomers Alkanes C4H10 Alkenes C3H6 Name Ending Root name ene IUPAC Name Alkynes C3H4 Alcohols C4H10O Thiol and Disulfides C4H10S yne ol C4H10S2 thiol disulfid e yl ether Ethers C4H10O Aldehydes C4H8O Ketones C4H8O Acids C4H8O2 Esters C4H8O2 Amines C3H9N three types oate yl amine Amides C3H7NO two types yl Salts 2 al one oic acid yl C4H7O M C3H10N A amide ate ammon ium Ques 12 COMMON COMPOUNDS AND USES For all compounds which follow write the name or structure whichever is missing IUPAC NAME STRUCTURE COMMON NAMES USES a Propane If liquefied called LP gas b Trichloromethane c Chloroethane d Tetrachloroethene e HC C H f H2C CH2 g CH3OH h CH3CH2OH i 2 propanol j Chloroform solvent general anesthetic Local anesthetic for minor surgery freeze technique Dry cleaning fluid metal degreasing Acetylene combustion produces hot flame for cutting and welding steel Ethylene plasticpolyethylene raw material for many organic reactions Methyl alcohol or wood alcohol basic raw material can cause blind Ethyl alcohol grain alcohol alcohol sprits Isopropyl alcohol rubbing alcohol hand lotions after shave lotions CH3CH2 O CH2CH3 Ether anesthetic k HCOOH Formic acid sharp smelling liquid responsible for sting of certain l CH3COOH Acetic acid vinegar m Butanoic acid Odor of rancid butter n Hexanoic acid Caproic acid smell of goats o Methyl butanoate Scent of apples p Butylbutanoate Pineapple essence q Ethyl butanoate Artificial peach flavor r Ethyl ethanoate Ethyl acetate nail polish remover s CH3 2NH t methanal u 2 propanone v butanone w ethanal Constituent in herring brine used to manufacture fungicides and rubber Formaldehyde formalin preservative for biological specimens basic raw material Acetone basic raw material solvent diabetics produce Solvent for lacquers finger nail polish Acetaldehyde paraldehyde hypnotic and sedative basic raw material Ques 13 Write the IUPAC name of each of the following Ques 14 List the number of allowable bonds for H N O C and Cl Ques 15 Write the structures for compounds with 5 carbons and the correct number of O H and or N for acid amine aldehyde ketone ester and ether Ques 16 Write the general name for the functional group in the following compounds and write the IUPAC name for each a CH3CH2COOH b CH3 O CH2CH3 c CH3OH d CH3C CCH3 e CH3CH CHCH3 f CH2CH2 NH2 Ques 17 A compound contains 5 carbons and one double bond oxygen The oxygen is not on an end carbon but there are equal numbers of carbons on either side of it What is the structure of the compound Ques 18 Write the IUPAC name of each of the following Ques 19 Write the IUPAC name of each of the following Ques 20 Write the IUPAC name of each of the following Ques 21 Write the IUPAC name of each of the following Ques 22 Write the