GOV 312L 1ST EditionLecture 9Outline of last lectureExamOutline of Current lecture:I. Concepts: States, sovereignty, nationalismII. Nationalism, world war I, and the breakup of the Ottoman EmpireIII. The UK (and the French) in the Middle eastIV. Paths to Statehood: Turkey, Egypt, Jordan & Iraq, IsraelEmergence of Middle East StatesThe external dimensionStudy/discussion questions will be posted weeklyFocus: ottoman empire regions. Focus on turkey Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, IsraelHow did the region get to its current borders from the Ottoman empireThe stateA fundamental concept for poli sci. Different from government (short term), rulers (even shorter), Owen’s reading: 2 char:-enjoys internationally recognized borders-highest authority in terms of coercion, official violence, setting rules. State is soverign.-afghanistan is viewed as a failed state- Karzai is effectively only the mayor of kobelWarstates must establish supremacy over othersto establish borders. Borders can otherwise feel arbitraryBorders establish by state do not necessarily confirm what its constiutents identify as.NationalismSome sense of belonging and community based on a shared identity.Jews experienced racism before world wars, some of the places that fought against Germany were actually very anti Semitist. Were looking for a homeland. Emmigration from Europe begins, immigration to different areas, especially british Palestine area.State outcomes:Cohesive states; Turkey, Egypt, Israel, JordanDivided States: Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, (minoritarian rule)Stateless peoples: kurds, Palestinians.World war IOttoman empire-> UK rule-> independent statesCreation of TurkeyWWI divisions:UK France, RussiaGermany, Austria HungaryCreation of EgyptBritish rule in Egypt ends in 1922 (officially)- actually ends in 1952 (70 years)Creation of Jordan and IraqCreated from three Ottoman Provinces in 1916 by the Sykes-Picot Agreement between the British and French. Divided the middle east. Hashemites- religious leader. Father to Faisal (Iraq) and Abdulah (Jordan)Creation of Israel1917 declaration of a national home for the jewish peoples1938-1945 HolocaustPost world war II- push for state hood-partition plan 1947- UN special committee on Palestine (under british) proposes plan of dividing Palestine in two, with Jerusalem under control by UN peacekeepers.Great Britain announced that it would withdraw from Palestine before 1948-in contrast to the UN plan, Palestine was slipping into war between the Jews and local Palestinians (Arab)-Gurion declares existence of Israeli state, US supports. -1948 war- Israel fights forces from Egypt, Jordan, Iraq and Syria. War lasts 9m. Thosandskilled from all sides, many Palestinians displaced. Israel