GOV 312L 1ST EditionLecture 5Outline of last lecture:I. Vietnam syndrome: once burned, twice shyII. US relations with Saddam HusseinIII. The Powell doctrine in actionIV. Why Iraq 1991 wasn’t like Vietnam (and why Iraq 2003 was not like Iraq 1991)Outline of current lecture:I. Who are the neoconservativesII. What was their main argument about Us foreign policy during the 1990sIII. What was their effect ton US foreign policy in the first term of the George W Bush administration->Operation Iraqi FreedomCurrent LectureI. Who are the neoconservatives-The idea of neoconservatives hark back to the ideas of manifest destiny that legitimatedthe colonization of the Philippines. In this sense neoconservatives resemble old school liberals of the 19th century variety, bringing freedom to backwards peoplesPicture of the University of Chicago where some of the politicians studied.Democratic senator from state of WashingtonNeoconservatives were the affiliates or intellectual descendants of leftist individuals connected to the anti-Stalinist currentsMaybe studied at Chicago or Cornell- Strauss’ students. Picked up ideas from old philosophers.Ideas from FDR and Truman in fighting Nazi Germany, Truman standing up against the Soviet Union, becomes neoconservatives in the Vietnam war.Vietnam war: democratic party /whole country has debate over American involvement in Vietnam, lots of voices for withdrawal.Scoop Jackson favored a strong defense against communism. Neoconservatists: “scoot Jackson democrats”. Previous democrats now republican since Reagan took officeRealignmentDemocratic party late 60s, early 70s.Scoop Jackson democratsRepublican partyBreaking away from carter in 1976 electionII. What was their main argument about US foreign policy during the 1990s?1) Increased defense spendingan argument for staying way ahead of other countries in military spending. 2) Increased support by citizenry3)Moral clarityNeoconservatives vs Bill Clinton-1996 - kagan and kristol’s campaign calrion call in foreign affairs-1997- kagan and kirstol help found PNAC -Jan 1998 an embattled president Clinton receives the PNAC letter. On Oct 31 he signs the Iraq liberation act, making regime change official US Policy2000 presidential electionsNeoconservatives endorse McCain and then BushIV. What was their effect on US foreign policy in the first term of the George W.Bush Administration?  Operation Iraqi FreedomWhy war? 2001-3Neoconservatives’ ideas: spreading freedom, establishing an arab democracy (pro war)Security and uman rights concerns: saddam Hussein had gassed his own people and could use Wmds in the future (pro war)Cautionary stance: attention to root causes of anti-Americanism concern about long term lilitar occupation (anti warThe idea of intervening in Iraq for democracy did not prevailThe conjunction of ideas and eventsPrior to 9/11/01In wake of 9/11/01 the invasion of Afghanistan operation enduring freedom crystallized new orientation of us defense and security policy consistent with earlier vision laid out in the 1998 PNAC letter to Clinton (and krisol and kagan’s 1996 article)Less about fighting another super power (Russia china) than about fighting al qaeda. Leading up to Iraq war, they link saddam Hussein and al qaedaThe internal debate (2001-2003)1.More about what would replace saddam Hussein, not whether the US should invade2. Protracted debate and planning (!) cut across shared affiliation: republicans vs republicans irawi exiles vs Iraqi exilesThis wasn’t about a LACK of planning. There was a lot of planning, maybe improper planning?3. set on saddam?Jan 2002 labels Iraq part of the Axis of Evil. National security strategy revives dieas of 1992 memo.Feb 2002- bush orders general tommy franks of the central command to star moving forces from Agghanistan to IraqMarch 2002 Intra administration debatePragmatists on the leftNeoconservatists on the rightDepartment of state (and CIA)Colin powell and career civil servantsFuture of Iraq projectSkeptical about feasibility of democratization in iraw favored new strongmanThe occupation of Iraq and the beinning of Iraq’s civil war. Lecture will connect to Nir Rosen’s