Physiology 206 Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. mmHgII. Ohm’s LawIII. Poiseville’s LawIV. Regulation of cardiac outputOutline of Current Lecture I. Autoregulation of blood flowII. ValvesIII. HypertensionIV. Pulmonary circulationV. Heart failureVI. Circulatory shockCurrent Lecture2/17/14- Short term regulation of pressure- Local flow regulation- Muscle pumps- Long term regulation of pressure- Pulmonary circulation- Hypertension- When local concentration of oxygen is low, smooth muscle relaxes- When local concentration of oxygen is high, smooth muscle constricts- Arterioles have smooth muscle- Autoregulation of blood flowo Exercise increases blood flow to a muscle Get “extra” blood from veinso Smooth muscle in arterioles relaxes-causes more blood to flow and waste products to moveThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Heart will pump out this extra bloodo Decreased blood flow to gastrointestinal system and blood flow to muscles increases, blood flow to brain constant- Pressure in veins is about 10mmHg- There are valves in veinso Muscles squeeze veins, and blood is forced back (up) to the heart- Body fluid system for the long term regulation of pressureo Cardiac output –(+)-> arterial pressure –(+)-> renal loss of water –(-)-> ECF volume –(-)-> plasma volume –(-)-> venous return –(-)->cardiac output- Hypertension: chronic increased blood pressure (around 120mmHg)o Around 90% is essential hypertension No one knows how it happened- Pulmonary circulationo Flow = pressure/resistanceo Pressure = flow x resistanceo Only goes to the lungso Short vesselso Short distanceso Low resistance = low pressure (around 30 mmHg)o Apical parts of lungs get very little blood flow Exercise increases pressure Uses more lungs- Heart failureo Venous return exceeds cardiac outputo Blood leaks out-results in swelling Fluid leaks into the ECF Occurs in the lungs Causes congestion- Extra fluid in lungs Called congestive heart failure- Circulatory shocko When arteriole pressure is too low to profuse tissue and prevent damageo Waste products are not being removed fast enough o Hypovolemic Reduced volume When plasma volume is reduced and venous return is decreasing- Ex: hemorrhage- Cardiogenico Inability of heart to pumpo Can’t maintain normal arteriole pressure- Neurogenico Results from extreme anxiety or paino Massive parasympathetic
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