Physiology 206 Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. AxonsII. Action potentialsIII. Myelin sheathIV. Neurotransmitters V. Presynaptic cells, postsynaptic cellsVI. Central nervous systemVII. Peripheral nervous systemOutline of Current Lecture I. SkullII. Cerebral Spinal FluidIII. Blood-brain barrierIV. Sensory homunculusV. Motor homunculusVI. Broca’s areaVII. Wernicke’s areaVIII. Association areasCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1/27/14- Skullo Dura mater-layer closest to skull Tough, leathery covering just inside the skullo Arachnoid mater-highly vascularized layer Underneath dura matero (cerebral spinal fluid-made in brain, fills space between meningeal layers)o Pia mater-covers brain tightlyo (brain) Capillaries in brain are more selective than in body- creates the blood-brain barriero keeps foreign compounds (may be toxic) away from braino prevents pharmalogical infections- Cerebral spinal fluido Has same density of brain, is a buoyant fluido Prevents brain from floating to the top or sinking to the bottom of the skullo Easier to generate action potentials in CSF- Cortex (gray)- Medulla (white)o Myelinated axons make it look white (covered in myelin)- Blood-brain barriero Prevents brain from being directly exposed to plasma- Hypothalamus-only brain part that is outside the blood-brain barrier- Cerebrumo Largest part of the braino 2 hemisphereso 4 lobes Frontal (forehead) Temporal (temples) Parietal (front-top) Occipital (back)- Sensory homunculuso Diagram where the size of body parts is proportional to the number of sensory nerves that you haveo A projection of your body’s surface onto the parietal lobe- Motor homunculuso A projection of your body’s surface onto the surface of the frontal lobeo The feet of the motor homunculus are across from the feet of the sensory homunculuso Diagram where the size of the body parts is proportional to the number of motor neurons in your body- Broca’s area (frontal lobe)o People with lesions I this area can’t speako Can’t make words (making speech)o Motor coordination- Wernicke’s Area (parietal lobe)o Understanding speecho People with lesions in this area can’t understand speecho Can hear and form words, but can’t integrate words with meaning- Prefrontal Association Cortexo Allows us to consider consequences of our actionso Sensible planningo Frontal lobotomy-medical procedure where they stuck a needle up through the top of the eye into the skull Removed violent tendencies Resulted in ‘flat affect’-no personality- Parietal-temporal-occipital association areao Integrates many different senses- Limbic Association Cortex-memory- Subcorticalo Basal nuclei = basal ganglia Have a role in inhibiting muscle contractiono Resting tremor-caused by a loss of basal nucleio Ex: Parkinson’s disease-caused by a deficit in the function of basal
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