Part Endoplasmic Reticulum ER Smooth w o ribosomes Rough w ribosomes Structure Location Membrane bound Interconnected with flattened sacs vesicles the cell membrane nuclear envelope and other organelles Function Transports molecule from one cell part to another Participates in synthesis of protein and lipid molecules protein synthesis Ribosomes Some are attached to ER Others are scattered Composed of protein and RNA molecules Golgi apparatus Stack of about 6 flattened membranous sacs Cytoplasm near ribosomes Refines packages and delivers proteins molecules Mitochondria Elongated fluid filled sacs moving slowly through the cytoplasm Outer and inner layer with cristae Very active cells Muscle cells Major sites of chemical reactions that transform energy into a form cells can use ATP Lysosomes Tiny membranous sacs containing powerful enzymes Cytoplasm garbage disposal break down nutrient molecules and foreign material Peroxisomes Membranous sacs Abundant in liver and kidney cells Microfilaments Microtubules Thin threadlike strands Cytoplasm destroy worn out cell parts House enzymes that speed up a variety of reactions Form the cytoskeleton m filaments provide cell movement Centrosomes Nonmembranous and Near golgi apparatus consists of two hollow and nucleus cylinders called centrioles Function during mitosis to distribute chromosomes Cilia flagella Composed of microtubules Movement Extensions of cells Cilia fringe the free surfaces of some cells Flagella are longer Part Vesicles Nucleus Structure Location Membranous sacs Near cell membrane formed by part of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off Bubblelike Large spherical structure enclosed in a nuclear envelope Function Contain and transport various substances Near center of cell Houses DNA and directs all cell activity Nuclear envelope double layered membrane consisting of inner and outer lipid bilayer membranes Surrounds the nucleus Has protein channels that allow certain molecules to leave the nucleus Nucleolus Small dense body composed of RNA and protein Forms in specialized regions of certain chromosomes within the nucleus Ribosomes form in here then migrate through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm Within nucleus Contains info for protein synthesis Chromatin Cell Membrane No surrounding membrane Loosely coiled fibers of protein and DNA Phospholipids bi layer Surrounds the cell Controls passage of materials into and out of the cell
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