BIOLOGY 210 Study Guide for Cumulative Final Exam Anatomy Physiology I 1 15 departmental questions will come from your Student Learning Objectives SLO on your syllabus these questions are for our reaccreditation process that we as a department will analyze for SACS 2 Be able to define anatomy physiology histology chemistry biochemistry homeostasis positive feedback negative feedback metabolism anabolism catabolism anatomical position 3 Be able to identify the components of homeostasis specific examples of homeostasis and negative feedback regulation with blood glucose and calcium levels and blood pressure control 4 Be able to place each level of structural organization in the proper sequence from either simplest to most complex or vice versa be able to define each proton neutron electron atom element cell organ tissue system organelle organism 5 Be able to recognize the definition description of each of the body planes Sagittal mid para Frontal coronal Transverse 6 Name each of the body cavities and place the following organs in the appropriate cavity brain spinal cord liver intestines Heart lungs stomach 7 Know the location of body membranes 8 Know directional terms 9 Be able to define characterize Visceral parietal pleura pericardium peritoneum pH Buffer acid base cation valence shell ionic bond covalent bond hydrogen bond anion Atomic number Atomic weight proton electron neutron organic denaturation monosaccharide polysaccharide fatty acid inorganic salt protein disaccharide glycerol nucleic acids enzyme isotope 10 Be able to recognize how buffers work chemically to prevent dramatic changes in pH 11 Be able to recognize the location function composition of each of the following in the cell RNA DNA glycogen triglycerides amino acids glucose cholesterol 12 Be able to recognize the chemical components of the plasma membrane and the role of each chemical enzymes ATP phospholipids component 13 Be able to define describe the pH scale and to characterize solutions as highly acidic weakly acidic neutral weakly alkaline basic or strongly alkaline based on its pH measurement 14 Name the four most abundant elements in the human body 15 Identify cations and anions in the human body Name the major extracellular and intracellular cations 16 Be able to determine the number of protons electrons and neutrons in any given atom from its atomic number and atomic weight 17 Know the types of chemical reactions 18 Know the properties of each of the chemical bonds hydrogen peptide ionic polar covalent nonpolar covalent 19 Be able to define Transcription Mitosis Chromatid translation cytosol chromosome diffusion osmosis osmotic pressure cytoplasm Genetic code DNA replication cytokinesis 20 Be able to describe the events and chemicals involved in transcription and translation BE able to describe the role of each of the following DNA RNA polymerase mRNA codon tRNA anti codon rRNA 21 Be able to recognize the significant events occurring in phases of the cell cycle interphase to telophase plasma membrane 22 Be able to compare parent initial and daughter resulting cells of mitosis 23 Be able to transcribe a sequence of nitrogenous bases A C T G on any given segment of DNA 24 Be able to recognize the factors responsible for generating the resting membrane potential across a 25 Be able to describe the ion movements across a plasma membrane that occurs during polarization depolarization repolarization and hyperpolarization 26 Be able to recognize the major function of each of the major cell organelles 27 Be able to determine which way water will diffuse across a plasma membrane when a cell is placed in either a hypotonic isotonic or hypertonic solution 28 Know the differences between blast and cyte 29 Be able to define describe the function of Elastin Collagen Fibroblasts chondroblasts osteoblasts tendons 30 Know the characteristics and locations of the following tissues Tissues Type Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Transitional epithelium Areolar connective tissue Adipose tissue Reticular connective tissue Dense regular connective tissue Dense irregular connective tissue Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage ligaments exocrine glands endocrine glands osteoclasts osteocytes Location alveoli of lungs glomeruli endothelium mesothelium kidney tubules digestive tract small bronchi uterine tubes upper respiratory tract epidermis rare some sweat glands rare portion of pharynx lining of urinary bladder under epithelium under skin eyes breast highly active organs lymph nodes bone marrow spleen tendons ligaments and aponeuroses dermis perichondrium trachea nose epiphyseal plates etc external ear intervertebral disc pubic symphysis menisci 31 Be able to recognize the four major categories and functions of tissues 32 Be able to recognize the characteristics that distinguish skeletal smooth and cardiac muscle tissues from one another 33 Be able to recognize the functions of the integumentary system 34 Be able to recognize the functions of melanin and keratin 35 Be able to name the five layers of the epidermis in the proper sequence from superficial to deep and vice versa Be able to describe the function of each layer 36 Be able to name describe characterize the components of the epidermis dermis and hypodermis subcutaneous layer 37 Be able to identify the function of each of the following Sudoriferous glands eccrine apocrine sebaceous glands ceruminous glands arrector pili muscles root hair plexus keratinocytes Merkel s discs melanocytes Langerhans cells 38 Be able to recognize which layers of the skin are vascular 39 Be able to recognize the cells involved in skin cancers Know the ABCDE rule and know what it is used 40 Be able to define describe the function of each of the following Osteoid Lamellae Epiphysis endosteum spongy bone Matrix Volkmann s canals Periosteum central canal epiphyseal plate Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Medullary cavity canaliculi articular cartilage trabeculae for Osteon Lacunae Diaphysis Osteocytes Compact bone 41 Be able to describe the specific actions of calcitonin and PTH parathyroid hormone on bone formation 42 and resorption Be able to describe bone ossification Be able to recognize the names of bones which form by intramembranous ossification and which form by endochondral ossification 43 Be able to