Evaluating Inductive Arguments- Inductive the first thing we determine is strength. Either it is strong or weak. We determine this by looking at the probability of the conclusion of these arguments. If it strong it is more probable that the conclusion follows the premises.- Cogency is just like soundness. If it strong it has the possibility of being cogent. It has to have true premises. A weak argument is automatically un cogent. Counter example method - substitute in content that makes more sense to you. Use things that are more simplistic to show if the argument is valid or not. Parts of a categorical statementQuantifier – tells you how many is being discussed in the subject term.Subject Term – the very first subject that’s being discussed in any categorical statement. Copula – To link the subject term with the predicate term. Predicate Term – always follows the copulaUniversal or Particular are the two ways to identify the quantity of the statement. Quality is affirmative or negative.Distribution refers to only the subject and the predicate terms. All_are_ is universal and affirmative.Boolean = Modern = no existential import (you look at the statement in the whole)Aristotle = traditional stand point = can be existential import (you actually have to know some of the subject matter to see if this statement is true) (if you have knowledge of some of the subject matter it can affect the validity) all of this is subjective. It is up to each individual to determine if the things in the statement exist. Existential Fallacy – any argument will commit this when the premise lacks existential import. The other four existential Fallacies – No are, some are notAll are, some areFalse some are, false all areNo are, false all areConversion, Obversion, and ContrapositionConversion – it consists in switching the subject term with the predicate term.Obverse – Requires two steps, changing the quality (without changing the quantity), and replacing the predicate term with its complement.All of the obverse arguments are valid.Contrapositive – requires two steps, switching the subject and predicate terms, and replacing the subjectand predicate terms with their term