Developmental Psychology Psych 350 Professor McDermott Welcome Scholars Today s class topic Building Blocks of Heredity Announcements Overview EXAM I Still on schedule 2 14 14 Review Sessions 2 12 and 2 13 Timing and room details coming soon TA Groups Building Blocks of Heredity Genetic Principles Abnormalities Twins The Building Blocks Of Heredity Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Blueprint for genetic inheritance Nucleotide Repeating basic building block of DNA nitrogen based molecules adenine thymine cytosine guanine Karyotype Pictorial representation of an individual s chromosomes Principles Of Heredity Transmission Gene Large segment of nucleotides within a chromosome codes for the production of proteins and enzymes Allele Alternate form of a specific gene provides a genetic basis for many individual differences Principles Of Heredity Transmission Genotype Set of genetic traits a person inherits Phenotype Set of traits a person actually displays Genotype Allele combos result in tongue roll versus no tongue roll Phenotype Tongue Roll or No tongue roll The Pattern of Inheritance for Cystic Fibrosis The Building Blocks Of Heredity X Chromosome Larger of the two sex chromosomes Normally Females have two XX Males have one XY Y Chromosome Smaller of the two sex chromosomes Normally Females have none XX Males have one XY Gene and Chromosomal Abnormalities Mutation Sudden change in molecular structure of a gene Williams syndrome Dominant genetic disorder Involves the deletion of a set of genes strong social orientation good musical ability unusual linguistic capabilities Gene and Chromosomal Abnormalities Sickle Cell Disease Genetic blood disorder common in regions of Africa and other areas where malaria is found and among descendants of the people of these regions Sickle Cell Trait Symptoms shown by those possessing a heterozygous genotype for sickle cell anemia Gene and Chromosomal Abnormalities Phenylketonuria PKU Recessive genetic disorder in which phenylalanine found in artificial sweeteners and other foods fails to be metabolized If undetected untreated can lead to sever brain damage Gene and Chromosomal Abnormalities Fragile X Syndrome Disorder associated with a pinched region of the X chromosome a leading genetic cause of intellectual impairment in males Down Syndrome Disorder of extra chromosomal material on pair number 21 Associated with intellectual impairment Distinct physical features Figure 3 8 Relationship Between Maternal Age and the Incidence of Down Syndrome Developmental And Behavior Genetics Heritability Proportion of variability in the phenotype estimated to be accounted for by genetic influences Twin Example Have a good weekend
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