UMass Amherst PSYCH 350 - Study Guide Exam 1 (4 pages)

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Psych 350 Study Guide Exam 1 Themes and Foundations Understand the major themes in Child Development and be able to provide examples particularly for Nature Nurture how large a role does each one play Not an either or debate fear can be learned nurture innate ability to learn some fears better than others nature emphasis on genetic or environmental influences complex interaction Continuity discontinuity does development happen gradually or in stages Quantitative gradual pine tree growing qualitative stages butterfly growing from caterpillar Sociocultural influence physical house daycare school urban vs rural economic wealth cultural language values traditions The active child individuals play a role in their own development preference to attend to certain things motivated to learn etc Individual differences resilience possible sources genetic treatment by others subjective reactions to other s treatment What was arguably the first developmental study Describe who involved what it was testing for the method etc Ancient Egypt Psammetichus II was in a debate with another king about which people came first was Egyptian the original language They cut out a shepard s tongue so his kids were born never having heard a language first word was not Egyptian bad study but controlled setting as it could be Know Aristotle s Plato Locke and Rousseau s views of childhood Aristotle all knowledge comes from experiences child rearing should adjust to needs of child Plato born with innate knowledge strict discipline self control across the board Locke tabula rasa a blank slate onto which all experiences can be etched emphasized nurture Rousseau innately good noble savage emphasized nature Darwin s contributions Academically interested in own children development Theory of Evolution Biographical Sketch of an Infant was book of own son s development from birth to 5 years old Understand the logic and several examples of controlled rearing studies Aka deprivation studies behavioral studies with animals kittens born in darkness have different receptors in eyes than kittens not born into darkness behavioral studies with human infants no symbols toys naturalistic studies cataract patients Methods Describe the procedures involved in the scientific method Choose a question to be answered formulate a hypothesis or prediction about the answer develop a method for testing the hypothesis interpret the obtained data draw a conclusion Know the types of important criteria for good measurement the differences between reliability validity as well as the different types Reliability has 2 types test retest same test two different days same answer interrator different people looking at same thing find same conclusion answer Validity experiment measures what it is intended to measure 2 types internal validity effects due to the variables the researcher intentionally manipulated external validity results can generalize beyond the particulars of the research Define three methodological