Welcome Scholars!• Today’s class topic:Heredity and onto Prenatal DevelopmentAnnouncements/Overview• EXAM I: Still on schedule 2/14/14– Review Sessions: 2/12 & 2/13 – Tobin 204, 7-8pm• Quizzes– Will go up on Moodle – Quiz 3 will open this afternoon• Building Blocks of Heredity– Correlation between Genes & Environment– Brief Intro to Epigenetics• Prenatal DevelopmentTwin Example: Jim TwinsConceptualizing the Correlation Between Genotype and Environment• Passive links: parents transmit traits through genes, the environments they provide, or both.• Evocative links: people react to the characteristics of the child’s genotype.Heredity and Environmental Influences on Behavior• Active links (niche-picking): tendency for children to seek out environments compatible with their genotypes.Gene Functioning &Regulation of Development• Epigenetics: The field of study concerned with how environmental factors interact with genes to influence cell functioning and the phenotype.Of Interest….• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/rats/Future Directions for Epigenetics & Development...Nutrition & the Epigenome- You are what you eat, -what your mom ate -& what your dad ate…Stages of Prenatal Development• Prenatal Period: Period in development from conception to the onset of labor.• Perinatal Period: Period beginning about the seventh month of pregnancy and continuing until about four weeks after birth.• Postnatal Period: Period in development following birth.p. 116Germinal Stage Days 0-14From conception to implantation on uterine wall; cell division.Embryonic period Weeks 2-8Differentiation of most organs and body systems; a sensitive period of development.Fetal period Week 8-birthGrowth in size and genesis of processes to help organs and systems function.Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentSupport Within the Womb• Placenta: Support organ formed by cells from both blastocyst and uterine lining; serves as exchange site for oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.• Umbilical Cord: Conduit of blood vessels through which oxygen, nutrients, and waste products are transported between placenta and embryo.• Amniotic Sac: Fluid-filled, transparent protective membrane surrounding the fetus.Assessing NewbornsTable 4.5: The Apgar Scoring SystemLow Birth Weight• Low Birth Weight (LBW): The label often given to any infant weighing less than 2,500 grams (or five and a half pounds) at birth.• Preterm: Any infant born prior to thirty-five weeks conceptual age (thirty-seven weeks gestational age.)• Small for Gestational Age (SGA): Any infant that displays intrauterine growth retardation, that is, weighs substantially less than infants born at a similar gestational
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