PSYC 4620 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture II. Psychotic DisordersIII. Schizophreniaa. Main ways to diagnoseb. Differential DiagnosisIV. General Informationa. Childhood Onset Schizophreniab. Diagnostic Criteriac. Appearance & FeaturesOutline of Current Lecture V. Pervasive Developmental DisordersVI. Autism Spectrum Disordera. Statisticsb. Important termsc. Developmental courseVII. Diagnostic Considerationsa. Impairmentb. Common appearance/featuresc. More considerationsCurrent LectureII. Pervasive Developmental Disordersa. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a broad term reflecting compromised development in social functioning and communicationi. Restricted, repetitive behaviors and fixated interests (any deviation from these results in disastrous tantrums/fits)ii. However, it is common for any child under the age of 4 to have fixationsb. Autism and Asperger Syndrome are best understood as part of a continuum of disorderIII. Autism Spectrum Disordera. Statisticsi. Prevalence rate estimates very widelyii. Current official United States estimates are: 1 in every 88iii. 3 to 4 times as many boys are affected as girlsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. ¾ of children with autism spectrum disorder also have intellectual developmental disorderb. Important termsi. Social Cognition is a construct at the intersections of self and other, emotion and cognition, and language and meaningii. Theory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states to others1. Joint attention is communicative intentions, including eye contact,pointing and shared attentioniii. Affective Social Competence is the coordination of the capacities to experience emotion, send emotional messages to others and read others’emotional signalsc. Developmental coursei. For nearly all diagnosed children, autism is a lifelong disorder that involves compromised functioning in1. Neurological domain2. Social communication and interactions3. Behavioral domainii. Characteristic symptoms of autism are evident (usually after 6 months of constant behavior) and generally peak between 2-4 years of ageiii. About half of children with autism spectrum disorder never develop useful speechiv. For those with language, pragmatics is the largest impairment (the use of language in functional way to get others to do things for you ie: can I havesome milk?)v. Repetitive behavior pathways display more stability than social and communication pathways (once children start to develop social behaviors,unpredictable behaviors and events are stressful for them)vi. Autism spectrum disorders causes a number of major stressors for all family members (even those not directly affected)IV. Diagnostic Considerationsa. ASD causes impairment in the following areas:i. Social interaction1. Marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors2. Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level3. Lack of the spontaneous desire to share enjoyment, interests or achievements with other people4. Lack of social or emotional reciprocityii. Communication1. Delay in, or total lack of, development of spoken language2. Marked impairment in ability to initiate or sustain a conversation (for individuals with adequate speech)3. Stereotyped, repetitive, or idiosyncratic language4. Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative playiii. Behaviors1. Preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted pattern of interest that is abnormal in intensity or focus2. Inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals3. Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms4. Persistent preoccupation with parts of objectsb. Common appearance/featuresi. Refusal to follow rules1. Typical of lower functioning children, higher functioning will be more upset if you do not follow rules (especially theirs)2. Rigidity (usually more external than AD)3. Discomfort with touch (sensory concerns – hyperfocused and hypersensitive to touch)4. Echolalia (repeating what has been said either to them or by them, similar to an echo)5. Impaired use of object6. “stimming”7. Impaired relationships with caregivers8. Seizures c. More considerationsi. Can have significant social and behavioral deficits 1. But some can occur without language, cognitive or adaptive problemsii. Impaired or absent peer relationships1. Yet they are fine with adults or much younger childreniii. True lack of social interest or just be more skill relatediv. Impaired nonverbal social interaction as well as poor verbal skillsv. Treatment helps but usually does not cure1. The earlier treatment is received, the better and more likely it is