GEOG1200 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Previous LectureI. Nations as Individuals Outline of Current LectureI. Karl MarxII. Dialectical MaterialismIII. ValueIV. Mode of ProductionCurrent LectureMarx looked at capitalism as an unequal and exploitive materialist - He analyzed history from a materialistic view- He believed practice produces consciousness- Dialectical transition: a form of practice that produces other practiceso There is a clash between thesis and antithesis put them together to produce synthesis, the two opposites (thesis and antithesis) equal the dialecto Example is a hunting group vs an agriculture group, the hunting group is confronted with a contradicting practice and has to decide to continue just hunting, change to agriculture or have a combination of both Dialectical Materialism- Also known as historical materialism- Known as the realm of practice - Marx borrowed this from Hegel and his transcendental idealism; consciousness creates practice - Comes from the spirit, something bigger than humans, each idea transcends the consciousness, only challenged when your contradicted- The cycle keeps continuing until there is no antithesis which means society is perfectAccording to Marx we are separate from animals because we produce our own food while animals depend on natureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Value increases, labor decreases equals work - Value is a commodity or services, natural resources and labor- Every commodity can be referred to as congealed labor - Labor is work done in social context, individuals acting in a part of a group- There are two types of values; use and exchange valueo Use: materials, a tribute of a commodityo Exchange value: represents of used value experienced as terms of another commodity; priceMode of Production - The super structure, the level of consciousness is political, religion, culture, market, government, etc. - Below the super structure is Value (use/ exchange)- Next are two steps that are interchangeable; means of production (technology and labor) and production relation; there is a social context at which this labor is acquired: class/ tribal/ gender - The last tier is nature and raw materials - Everything below the super structure is the deep structure/ base/ material
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