1World Regional World Regional GeographyGeographyDavid SalleeDavid SalleeLesson 10Lesson 10EAST ASIAEAST ASIAEAST ASIAEAST ASIAMAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES OF EAST ASIAOF EAST ASIAzzWORLDWORLD’’S MOST POPULOUS REALMS MOST POPULOUS REALMzzJAKOTA TRIANGLE (JAPANJAKOTA TRIANGLE (JAPAN--SOUTH KOREASOUTH KOREA--TAIWAN) LIES AT THE VANGUARD OF PACIFIC TAIWAN) LIES AT THE VANGUARD OF PACIFIC RIM DEVELOPMENTRIM DEVELOPMENTzzPOLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FORCES POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FORCES CONTINUE TO TRANSFORM TRADITIONAL CONTINUE TO TRANSFORM TRADITIONAL CULTURAL LANDSCAPES.CULTURAL LANDSCAPES.zzINTENSIFYING REGIONAL DISPARITIESINTENSIFYING REGIONAL DISPARITIESzzPOPULATION CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EAST, POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EAST, SITUATED IN RIVER BASINSSITUATED IN RIVER BASINSzzPOLITICAL GEOGRAPHY REVEALS POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY REVEALS INSTABILITY.INSTABILITY.REGIONS OF THE REALMREGIONS OF THE REALMzzCHINA PROPERCHINA PROPER--EASTERN HALF; THE EASTERN HALF; THE CORE CORE zzXIZANG (TIBET)XIZANG (TIBET)--TALL MOUNTAINS AND TALL MOUNTAINS AND HIGH PLATEAUS; SPARSELY POPULATEDHIGH PLATEAUS; SPARSELY POPULATEDzzXINJIANGXINJIANG--VAST DESERT BASIN AND VAST DESERT BASIN AND MOUNTAIN RIMS; A CULTURAL CONTACT MOUNTAIN RIMS; A CULTURAL CONTACT ZONEZONEzzMONGOLIAMONGOLIA--A DESERT, BUFFER STATEA DESERT, BUFFER STATEzzTHE JAKOTA TRIANGLETHE JAKOTA TRIANGLE––JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, TAIWANJAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, TAIWAN––RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTRAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTEEAASSTTAASSIIAA2PHYSIOGRAPHYPHYSIOGRAPHYzzTOTAL AREA IS ABOUT 3.6 MILLION SQ TOTAL AREA IS ABOUT 3.6 MILLION SQ MIMIzzLONGITUDINAL EXTENT IS COMPARABLE LONGITUDINAL EXTENT IS COMPARABLE TO THE US; LATITUDINAL RANGE FROM TO THE US; LATITUDINAL RANGE FROM NORTHERN QUEBEC TO CENTRAL NORTHERN QUEBEC TO CENTRAL CARIBBEANCARIBBEANzzBORDERED (SURROUNDED) BY OCEAN, BORDERED (SURROUNDED) BY OCEAN, HIGH MOUNTAINS, STEPPE COUNTRY, HIGH MOUNTAINS, STEPPE COUNTRY, AND DESERTAND DESERTzzVAST AND VARIED TOPOGRAPHYVAST AND VARIED TOPOGRAPHYzzCLIMATE TYPES INCLUDE: B (DRY); C CLIMATE TYPES INCLUDE: B (DRY); C (HUMID TEMPERATE); D (HUMID COLD); (HUMID TEMPERATE); D (HUMID COLD); AND H (UNCLASSIFIED HIGHLANDS)AND H (UNCLASSIFIED HIGHLANDS)PHYSIOGRAPHYPHYSIOGRAPHYCLIMATE COMPARISONCLIMATE COMPARISONCHINACHINA’’S POLITICAL MAPS POLITICAL MAPzz4 CENTRAL4 CENTRAL--GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT--ADMINISTERED ADMINISTERED MUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITIES––BEIJING (CAPITAL); TIANJIN (PORT CITY); BEIJING (CAPITAL); TIANJIN (PORT CITY); SHANGHI (LARGEST CITY); CHONGQUING SHANGHI (LARGEST CITY); CHONGQUING (INTERIOR RIVER PORT)(INTERIOR RIVER PORT)zz5 AUTONOMOUS REGIONS5 AUTONOMOUS REGIONS––NEI MONGOL (INNER MONGOLIA); NINGXIA NEI MONGOL (INNER MONGOLIA); NINGXIA HUI; XINJIANG UYGUR (NW); GUANGXI HUI; XINJIANG UYGUR (NW); GUANGXI ZHUANG (SOUTH); XIZANG (TIBET)ZHUANG (SOUTH); XIZANG (TIBET)zz22 PROVINCES22 PROVINCES––GROW IN SIZE FROM EAST TO WESTGROW IN SIZE FROM EAST TO WESTzz1 SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION1 SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION––XIANGGANG (FORMERLY HONG KONG)XIANGGANG (FORMERLY HONG KONG)Han Chinese 91.9%ZhuangUygurHiuYi Tibetan 8.1%MiaoManchuMongolBuyiKoreanETHNIC GROUPSETHNIC GROUPSOther8%Han92%HanOtherzzCHINESE IS ONE OF THE WORLDCHINESE IS ONE OF THE WORLD’’S S OLDEST ACTIVE LANGUAGES.OLDEST ACTIVE LANGUAGES.zzSPOKEN CHINESE VARIES DIALECT TO SPOKEN CHINESE VARIES DIALECT TO DIALECT (not mutually intelligible), DIALECT (not mutually intelligible), ALTHOUGH THE CHARACTERS (over ALTHOUGH THE CHARACTERS (over 50,000) USED TO REPRESENT THE 50,000) USED TO REPRESENT THE LANGUAGE REMAIN THE SAME.LANGUAGE REMAIN THE SAME.zzSINCE CHINESE IS WRITTEN IN SINCE CHINESE IS WRITTEN IN CHARACTERS RATHER THAN BY A CHARACTERS RATHER THAN BY A PHONETIC ALPHABET, CHINESE WORDS PHONETIC ALPHABET, CHINESE WORDS MUST BE TRANSLITERATED SO MUST BE TRANSLITERATED SO FOREIGNERS CAN PRONOUNCE THEM.FOREIGNERS CAN PRONOUNCE THEM.LANGUAGESLANGUAGES3THE PINYIN SYSTEMTHE PINYIN SYSTEMzzENABLED LANGUAGE TO BE A ENABLED LANGUAGE TO BE A CENTRIPETAL FORCECENTRIPETAL FORCEzzADOPTED IN 1958ADOPTED IN 1958zzBASED ON PRONUNCIATION OF BASED ON PRONUNCIATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN NORTHERN CHINESE CHARACTERS IN NORTHERN MANDARINMANDARINzzESTABLISHED A STANDARD FORM OF ESTABLISHED A STANDARD FORM OF LANGUAGE THROUGHOUT THE LANGUAGE THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRYCOUNTRYPINYINPINYINzzLITERALLY, LITERALLY, ““SPELL SOUNDSSPELL SOUNDS””zzDEVELOPED IN THE PRCDEVELOPED IN THE PRCzzTHE MOST ACCEPTED SYSTEM OF ROMANIZING THE MOST ACCEPTED SYSTEM OF ROMANIZING CHINESECHINESEChineseChineseTranslationTranslationBeiBeiNorthNorthNanNanSouthSouthXiXiWestWestDongDongEastEastJingJingCapitalCapitalShanShanMountainMountainHeHeRiver (in the north)River (in the north)JiangJiangRiver (in the south)River (in the south)CHINESE PERSPECTIVESCHINESE PERSPECTIVESzzONE OF THE WORLDONE OF THE WORLD’’S GREAT CULTURE S GREAT CULTURE HEARTHSHEARTHSzzCONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION FOR OVER CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION FOR OVER 4,000 YEARS4,000 YEARSzzVIEW OF CHINA AS THE CENTER OF THE VIEW OF CHINA AS THE CENTER OF THE CIVILIZED WORLDCIVILIZED WORLDzzEASTERN VS EASTERN VS WESTERN BIASWESTERN BIASzzINWARD LOOKINGINWARD LOOKINGzzCLOSED SOCIETYCLOSED SOCIETYCHINACHINA’’S RELATIVE LOCATIONS RELATIVE LOCATIONzzISOLATIONISOLATION––NATURAL PROTECTIVE BARRIERSNATURAL PROTECTIVE BARRIERS––DISTANCEDISTANCE––INWARD LOOKING (CENTRAL KINGDOM) INWARD LOOKING (CENTRAL KINGDOM) WITH MINOR INCIDENCES OF CULTURAL WITH MINOR INCIDENCES OF CULTURAL DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION––EFFECTS OF ONE OCEANEFFECTS OF ONE OCEANzzA HISTORY OF EMPERORS WHO RESTRICTED A HISTORY OF EMPERORS WHO RESTRICTED USE OF THE COASTLINE, EXCEPT IN LOCAL USE OF THE COASTLINE, EXCEPT IN LOCAL CIRCUMSTANCESCIRCUMSTANCESzzTODAY THE OCEAN IS PLAYING A MAJOR TODAY THE OCEAN IS PLAYING A MAJOR ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC (AND CULTURAL) ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC (AND CULTURAL) TRANSFORMATION OF COASTAL CHINA.TRANSFORMATION OF COASTAL CHINA.CONFUCIUSCONFUCIUSzzCHINACHINA’’S MOST INFLUENTIAL S MOST INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHERPHILOSOPHER AND TEACHERzz551551--479 BC479 BC--TOOK ON SPIRITUAL TOOK ON SPIRITUAL PROPORTIONS AFTER HIS DEATHPROPORTIONS AFTER HIS DEATH--CONFUCIANISMCONFUCIANISMzzFOCUSED ON THE SUFFERING OF ORDINARY FOCUSED ON THE SUFFERING OF ORDINARY PEOPLE DURING THE ZHOU DYNASTYPEOPLE DURING THE ZHOU DYNASTYzzEMPHASIZED THAT HUMAN VIRTUES, EMPHASIZED THAT HUMAN VIRTUES, RATHER THAN GODLY CONNECTIONS,