1World Regional World Regional GeographyGeographyDavid SalleeDavid SalleeLesson 11Lesson 11SOUTHEAST SOUTHEAST ASIAASIAMAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIESMAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIESzzA FRAGMENTED REALM OF NUMEROUS ISLAND A FRAGMENTED REALM OF NUMEROUS ISLAND COUNTRIES AND PENINSULASCOUNTRIES AND PENINSULASzzEXHIBITS CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHATTER EXHIBITS CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHATTER BELTBELTzzA ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND FRACTURINGFRACTURINGzzPOLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CONFLICTPOLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CONFLICTzzCLUSTERED POPULATION PATTERNSCLUSTERED POPULATION PATTERNSzzPOOR INTRAREGIONAL COMMUNICATIONSPOOR INTRAREGIONAL COMMUNICATIONSzzCULTURAL FRAGMENTATION (COMPLEX CULTURAL FRAGMENTATION (COMPLEX ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND RELIGIOUS ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND RELIGIOUS PATTERNS)PATTERNS)SSOOUUTTHHEEAASSTTAASSIIAACOLONIAL COLONIAL SPHERES SPHERES IN IN SOUTHEAST SOUTHEAST ASIAASIAPOLITICAL GEOGRAPHYPOLITICAL GEOGRAPHYzzSTATE STATE TERRITORIAL MORPHOLOGYTERRITORIAL MORPHOLOGY––COMPACTCOMPACT--CAMBODIACAMBODIA––PROTRUDED (EXTENDED)PROTRUDED (EXTENDED)--THAILANDTHAILAND––ELONGATED (ATTENUATED)ELONGATED (ATTENUATED)--VIETNAMVIETNAM––FRAGMENTEDFRAGMENTED--PHILLIPINESPHILLIPINES––PERFORATEDPERFORATED--SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICAzzTHE IMPACT OF SHAPE?THE IMPACT OF SHAPE?2SHAPES OF STATESSHAPES OF STATESChileSouth AfricaELONGATEDELONGATEDPERFORATEDPERFORATEDFRAGMENTEDFRAGMENTEDCOMPACTCOMPACTMalaysiaThailandPROTRUDEDPROTRUDEDPolandREGIONS OF THE REALMREGIONS OF THE REALMzzMAINLAND REGIONMAINLAND REGION––VIETNAM (PREVIOUSLY VIETNAM (PREVIOUSLY NORTH & SOUTH NORTH & SOUTH VIETNAM)VIETNAM)––CAMBODIA CAMBODIA (PREVIOUSLY FRENCH (PREVIOUSLY FRENCH INDOINDO--CHINA)CHINA)––LAOS (PREVIOUSLY LAOS (PREVIOUSLY FRENCH INDOFRENCH INDO--CHINA)CHINA)––THAILANDTHAILAND––MYANMAR (PREVIOUSLY MYANMAR (PREVIOUSLY BURMA)BURMA)MAINLAND REGIONMAINLAND REGION• 5 STATES: VIETNAM, LAOS, CAMBODIA, THAILAND, MYANMAR• BUDDHISM DOMINATES THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE• A MULTICULTURAL AND MULTIETHNIC REGION• ONE OF THE LEAST URBANIZED REALMS IN THE WORLD• SOME COUNTRIES HAVE MORE THAN ONE CORE AREA (VIETNAM, MYANMAR)VIETNAMVIETNAMzz80.9 million 80.9 million peoplepeoplezzFrench delimited French delimited VietnamVietnamzzNotNota a homogenous homogenous colonycolonyzzDivided into three Divided into three unitsunits––Tonkin (Hanoi)Tonkin (Hanoi)––Cochin China Cochin China (Saigon)(Saigon)––Annam (Hue)Annam (Hue)VIETNAMVIETNAMzzMekong River DeltaMekong River DeltazzAdvantageous Advantageous relative location on relative location on Pacific RimPacific RimzzEconomic Economic development slow development slow (communist system)(communist system)zzHo Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) has (Saigon) has advantage over advantage over Hanoi (capital) Hanoi (capital) --accessible by oceanaccessible by ocean--going vesselsgoing vesselszzSpecial Economic Special Economic Zone downstream Zone downstream from Saigonfrom SaigonVIETNAMVIETNAMzzISSUES/CONCERNSISSUES/CONCERNS––POPULATION (80.9 MILLION) POPULATION (80.9 MILLION) HAS HAS DOUBLEDDOUBLEDSINCE THE END SINCE THE END OF WAR IN 1975OF WAR IN 1975––A CLASSIC A CLASSIC ““ELONGATED ELONGATED COUNTRYCOUNTRY””––A BIA BI--POLAR ARRANGEMENT POLAR ARRANGEMENT EXISTS BETWEEN SAIGON AND EXISTS BETWEEN SAIGON AND HANOIHANOI––NEW STRATEGYNEW STRATEGY--RETAIN RETAIN COMMUNIST POLITICAL COMMUNIST POLITICAL SYSTEM BUT PURSUE MARKET SYSTEM BUT PURSUE MARKET ECONOMICSECONOMICS3KINGDOM OF CAMBODIAKINGDOM OF CAMBODIAzzMekong RiverMekong RiverzzCore area in the interiorCore area in the interiorzzCulturally homogenous Culturally homogenous (Khmers)(Khmers)zzKhmer RougeKhmer Rouge(communist (communist revolutionaries)revolutionaries)zzDrove people from Drove people from urban to rural areasurban to rural areaszzVietnam invaded in Vietnam invaded in 19781978zzUN sponsored elections UN sponsored elections 19931993CAMBODIACAMBODIAzzA CLASSIC A CLASSIC ““COMPACT STATECOMPACT STATE””zzPOPULATION OF 12.7 MILLION, WITH STRONG POPULATION OF 12.7 MILLION, WITH STRONG ETHNIC AND CULTURAL HOMOGENEITYETHNIC AND CULTURAL HOMOGENEITY--90% 90% KHMERSKHMERSzzPHNOM PENH (1.2 MILLION) PRINCIPAL CITY PHNOM PENH (1.2 MILLION) PRINCIPAL CITY AND CAPITALAND CAPITALzzA VICTIM OF WARS AND INSURRGENCIESA VICTIM OF WARS AND INSURRGENCIES––VIETNAM SPILLOVERVIETNAM SPILLOVER––1970 1970 --MILITARY DEPOSES OF THE KINGMILITARY DEPOSES OF THE KING––1975 1975 --COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONARIES COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONARIES (KHMER ROUGE) (KHMER ROUGE) --> KAMPUCHEA> KAMPUCHEA––INVADED BY VIETNAM IN LATE 1970sINVADED BY VIETNAM IN LATE 1970sLAOSLAOSzzIndependence Independence 19491949zzLao PeopleLao People’’s s Democratic Democratic Republic (1975)Republic (1975)zzCommunist Communist governmentgovernmentzzLandlockedLandlockedzzRuralRural--based based populationpopulationzzLittle Little infrastructure and infrastructure and industryindustryLAOSLAOSzzA A ““LANDLOCKEDLANDLOCKED””STATESTATEzzA FORMER FRENCH A FORMER FRENCH COLONY (1893COLONY (1893--1953)1953)zzPOPULATION OF 5.5 POPULATION OF 5.5 MILLION, WITH 50% MILLION, WITH 50% ETHNIC LAOETHNIC LAOzz17% URBANIZED17% URBANIZEDzzUNDEVELOPED WITH NO UNDEVELOPED WITH NO RAILROADS, LITTLE RAILROADS, LITTLE INDUSTRY, AND FEW INDUSTRY, AND FEW ROADSROADSzzTHE REALMTHE REALM’’S POOREST S POOREST COUNTRYCOUNTRYKINGDOM OF THAILANDKINGDOM OF THAILANDzzLeading state of the Leading state of the regionregionzzEconomic growthEconomic growth––Relative locationRelative location––Natural environmentNatural environment––Social conditionsSocial conditions––Stifled by Stifled by mismanagementmismanagementzzBangkok (Venice of Asia)Bangkok (Venice of Asia)zzProblemsProblems––Surface Surface communicationscommunications––Influx of refugeesInflux of refugees––DrugsDrugsTHAILANDTHAILANDzzA CLASSIC A CLASSIC ““PROTRUDED PROTRUDED STATESTATE””zzPOPULATION OF 63.1 POPULATION OF 63.1 MILLION HAS THE MILLION HAS THE SLOWEST GROWTH RATE SLOWEST GROWTH RATE IN THE REALMIN THE REALMzzPER CAPITA GNP IS PER CAPITA GNP IS HIGHER THAN VIETNAM, HIGHER THAN VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS, AND CAMBODIA, LAOS, AND MYANMAR COMBINEDMYANMAR COMBINEDzzBANGKOKBANGKOK--A CLASSIC A CLASSIC ““PRIMATE CITYPRIMATE CITY””OF 7.8 OF 7.8 MILLIONMILLIONzzECONOMIC SUCCESSECONOMIC SUCCESS––RELATIVE LOCATIONRELATIVE LOCATION––NATURAL NATURAL