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UNT GEOG 1200 - World Geography Lesson 5 Middle America
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1World Regional World Regional GeographyGeographyDavid SalleeDavid SalleeLesson 5Lesson 5INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO MIDDLE AMERICAMIDDLE AMERICAz DEFINING THE REALM– MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, CARIBBEAN ISLANDSz MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES– FRAGMENTED - PHYSICALLY AND POLITICALLY– DIVERSE CULTURALLY– POVERTY IS ENDEMICREGIONS OF MIDDLE REGIONS OF MIDDLE AMERICAAMERICAMexicoMexicoCentral AmericaCentral AmericaGreater AntillesGreater AntillesLesser AntillesLesser AntillesMIDDLE AMERICAMIDDLE AMERICACountries of the Countries of the RealmRealmMexico Mexico CityBelize BelmopanGuatemala Guatemala CityHonduras TeguchigalpaEl Salvador San SalvadorNicaragua ManaguaCosta Rica San JosePanama Panama CityCuba HavanaHaiti Port au PrinceDominican Republic Santo DomingoPuerto Rico San JuanJamaica KingstonPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYz LAND BRIDGEz ARCHIPELAGO– GREATER AND LESSER ANTILLESz NATURAL HAZARDS– EARTHQUAKES– VOLCANOES– HURRICANES2WORLD WORLD TECTONIC PLATESTECTONIC PLATESDISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOESEARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOESWORLD WORLD HURRICANE TRACKSHURRICANE TRACKSCULTURE HEARTHCULTURE HEARTHzzSOURCE AREASSOURCE AREASfrom which radiated from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies ideas, innovations, and ideologies that changed the world beyond.that changed the world beyond.MesoAmerican HearthsAztecsMayansMESOAMERICAMESOAMERICAz CULTURE HEARTHS– MAYA CIVILIZATIONz 3000 BPz CLASSIC PERIOD 200-900 ADz HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, BELIZE, YUCATAN PENINSULAz THEOCRATIC STRUCTURE– AZTEC CIVILIZATIONz 1300 ADz VALLEY OF MEXICOz TENOCHTITLAN (>100,000 PEOPLE)SPAINSPAINFRANCEFRANCEBRITAINBRITAINCOLONIAL HERITAGECOLONIAL HERITAGE3THE LEGACY OF THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISMCOLONIALISMz Land was appropriated - colonial commercial interestsz Lands devoted to food crops for local consumption were converted to cash cropping for exportz Land Alienation induces:– Famine– Poverty– Migration– Little agricultural diversityCOLONIAL SPHERESMAINLAND/RIMLAND MAINLAND/RIMLAND FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORKz MAINLAND– EURO-INDIAN INFLUENCE– GREATER ISOLATION– HACIENDA PREVAILEDz RIMLAND– EURO-AFRICAN INFLUENCE– HIGH ACCESSIBILITY– PLANTATION ECONOMYMAINLAND MAINLAND ––RIMLAND DISTINCTIONRIMLAND DISTINCTIONMAINLAND vs RIMLANDMAINLAND vs RIMLANDLocation greater isolation greater accessibilityClimatealtitudinal tropicalzonationPhysiographymountains islandsCultureEuro/Indian African-EuropeanRaceMestizo MulattoLandholding Patterns haciendas plantationMAINLAND RIMLANDHACIENDA vs PLANTATIONHACIENDA vs PLANTATIONzzHACIENDAHACIENDA––SPANISH INSTITUTIONSPANISH INSTITUTION––NOT EFFICIENT BUT SOCIAL PRESTIGENOT EFFICIENT BUT SOCIAL PRESTIGE––WORKERS LIVED ON THE LANDWORKERS LIVED ON THE LANDzzPLANTATIONPLANTATION––NORTHERN EUROPEAN ORIGINSNORTHERN EUROPEAN ORIGINS––EXPORT ORIENTED MONOCROPSEXPORT ORIENTED MONOCROPS––IMPORTED CAPITAL AND SKILLSIMPORTED CAPITAL AND SKILLS––SEASONAL LABORSEASONAL LABOR––EFFICIENCY IS KEYEFFICIENCY IS KEY4Turks and CaicosTurks and CaicosPuerto RicoPuerto RicoCosta RicaCosta RicaNaturalNaturalResourcesResourceszzInitiated in the 1960s Initiated in the 1960s zzToday > 4,000 Today > 4,000 maquiladorasmaquiladoras> 1.2 million employees> 1.2 million employeesMAQUILADORASMAQUILADORAS••Export the finished productsExport the finished products••Mostly foreignMostly foreign--owned (U.S., Japan)owned (U.S., Japan)••80% of goods re80% of goods re--exported to U.S.exported to U.S.••Assemble imported, dutyAssemble imported, duty--free components/raw free components/raw materialsmaterials••Tariffs limited to value added during assemblyTariffs limited to value added during assembly5zzMaquiladora productsMaquiladora productsMAQUILADORASMAQUILADORASMAQUILADORAS3 Day Blinds 3 Day Blinds 20th Century Plastics 20th Century Plastics Acer Peripherals Acer Peripherals Bali Company, Inc. Bali Company, Inc. Bayer Corp./Bayer Corp./MedsepMedsepBMW BMW Canon Business Machines Canon Business Machines Casio Manufacturing Casio Manufacturing Chrysler Chrysler Daewoo Daewoo Eastman Eastman Kodak/Verbatim Kodak/Verbatim EberhardEberhard--Faber Faber Eli Lilly Corporation Eli Lilly Corporation Ericsson Ericsson Fisher Price Fisher Price Ford Ford Foster Grant Corporation Foster Grant Corporation General Electric General Electric Company Company JVC JVC GM GM Hasbro Hasbro Hewlett Packard Hewlett Packard Hitachi Home Hitachi Home ElectronicsElectronicsHonda Honda Honeywell, Inc. Honeywell, Inc. Hughes Aircraft Hughes Aircraft Hyundai Precision Hyundai Precision America America IBM IBM Matsushita Matsushita Mattel Mattel Maxell Corporation Maxell Corporation Examples of Maquiladoras in MexicoMercedes Benz Mercedes Benz Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Electronics Corp. Electronics Corp. Motorola Motorola Nissan Nissan Philips Philips Pioneer Speakers Pioneer Speakers SamsoniteSamsoniteCorporation Corporation Samsung Samsung Sanyo North Sanyo North America America Sony Electronics Sony Electronics Tiffany Tiffany ToshibaToshibaVWVWXeroxXeroxzzADVANTAGESADVANTAGES––Mexico gains jobs.Mexico gains jobs.––Foreign owners benefit from cheaper Foreign owners benefit from cheaper labor costs.labor costs.zzEFFECTSEFFECTS––Regional developmentRegional development––Development of an international growth Development of an international growth corridor between Monterrey and Dallas corridor between Monterrey and Dallas --Fort WorthFort WorthMAQUILADORASNAFTANAFTAzzEffective 1 January 1994 Effective 1 January 1994 zzEstablished a trade agreement Established a trade agreement between Mexico, Canada and the US, between Mexico, Canada and the US, which:which:––Reduced and regulated trade Reduced and regulated trade tariffs, barriers, and quotas tariffs, barriers, and quotas between membersbetween members––Standardized finance & service Standardized finance & service exchangesexchangesMEXICO AND NAFTAMEXICO AND NAFTAzzForemost, it promises a higher standard Foremost, it promises a higher standard of living.of living.zzNAFTA creates more jobs for Mexicans NAFTA creates more jobs for Mexicans as US companies begin to invest more as US companies begin to invest more heavily in the Mexican market.heavily in the Mexican market.zzMexican exporters increase their sales Mexican exporters increase their sales to the US and Canada.to the US and Canada.zzIs that the Is that the entire story?entire story?6WAGE RATES


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UNT GEOG 1200 - World Geography Lesson 5 Middle America

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