1World Regional World Regional GeographyGeographyDavid SalleeDavid SalleeLesson 12Lesson 12VIETNAM ERAVIETNAMVIETNAMERAERA““It was the best of times. It was the best of times. It was the worst of times.It was the worst of times.””Charles DickensCharles Dickens••Rock and RollRock and Roll••Free LoveFree Love••DrugsDrugs••Race to the MoonRace to the Moon••Vietnam WarVietnam War••Protests/DemonstrationsProtests/Demonstrations••Race RiotsRace Riots••WomenWomen’’s Libs Lib••AssassinationsAssassinations••Segregation/IntegrationSegregation/Integration••BusingBusing••Selective ServiceSelective ServiceLincoln Memorial during the 1963 Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 Civil Rights ProtestsCivil Rights ProtestsPhotograph courtesy of the NationalPhotograph courtesy of the NationalArchives and Records Administration, #306Archives and Records Administration, #306--SSMSSM--5g5g--6363--47324732Martin Luther King, Jr., Martin Luther King, Jr., making his "I have a making his "I have a dream" speechdream" speechNational Park Service PhotographNational Park Service PhotographMartin Luther KingMartin Luther KingThe Lincoln Memorial has been the site of civil rights demonstrations for nearly six decades. On its steps Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke of his dream for America:...In spite of the difficulties of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama...will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls...I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight......From every mountainside, let freedom ring.When we let freedom ring,...we will be able to speed up that day when all God's children...will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we're free at last!"I Have a DreamI Have a Dream……219601960’’ssEqualityEquality••JobsJobs••EducationEducationTwenty-seven Jim Crow laws were passed in the Lone Star state. The state enacted one anti-segregation law in 1871 barring separation of the races on public carriers. This law was repealed in 1889.1915: Miscegenation [State Code]The penalty for intermarriage is imprisonment in the penitentiary from two to five years. 1919: Public accommodations [Statute]Ordered that Negroes were to use separate branches of county free libraries. 1922: Voting Rights [Statute]"…in no event shall a Negro be eligible to participate in a Democratic party primary election held in the State of Texas…" Overturned in 1927 by U.S. Supreme Court in Nixon v. Herndon. 1925: Education [Statute]Required racially segregated schools. 1925: Public accommodations [Statute]Separate branches for Negroes to be administered by a Negro custodian in all county libraries. More than 400 state laws, constitutional amendments, and city ordinances legalizing segregation and discrimination were passed in the United States between 1865 and 1967. Jim Crow Laws: Texas1925: Miscegenation [Penal Code]Miscegenation declared a felony.Nullified interracial marriages if parties went to another jurisdiction where such marriages were legal.1935: Public carriers [State Code]Directed that separate coaches for whites and blacks on all common carriers. 1943: Public carriers [State Code]Ordered separate seating on all buses. 1949: Employment [Statute]Coal mines required to have separate washrooms. 1950: Public accommodations [Statute]Separate facilities required for white and black citizens in state parks1951: Miscegenation [Statute]Unlawful for person of Caucasian blood to marry person of African blood. Penalty:Two to five years imprisonment. 1953: Public carriers [Penal Code]Public carriers to be segregated. 1956: Public accommodations [Municipal Ordinance]Abolished previously required segregation in the city of San Antonio's swimming pools and other recreational facilities. 1958: Education [Statute]No child compelled to attend schools that are racially mixed. No desegregation unless approved by election. Governor may close schools where troops used on federal authority.1926: Public carriers [Statute]Public carriers to be segregated.Jim Crow Laws: Texas cont.Dallas, 1955Protesting segregation of the Texas state fair--R.C. Hickman CollectionRichmond, VAHistorical marker posted in the 1920sThis 1911 photo shows an example of the repression faced by African Americans during the days of white supremacist rule. This graffitti was found at the county line between Edwards and Kimble Counties. R.S. means Rock Springs in Edwards County. J.C. means Junction City in Kimble County. African Americans were not welcome in either county. Photographed July 8, 1911 by L.K. Smoot and presented to the Texas State Library the same year. Prints and Photographs Collection, Texas State Library and Archives Commission3SPACE RACESPACE SPACE RACERACEOne Small Step For Man…One Giant Leap For Mankind10 YEARS TO THE MOON10 YEARS TO THE MOONIt fell to It fell to President President Kennedy to Kennedy to take the space take the space race seriouslyrace seriously"I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the Earth," he said, in what became one of the most famous speeches of his presidential career. In May 1961 President Kennedy grasped the nettle, and set the USA on course for the moon.SPACE RACESPACE SPACE RACERACEThe United States and the