GEOG1200 1nd EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 11-18Topics 7-10Topic7:What is neoliberalism? A label for economic liberalism whose advocates support economic liberalizations, free trade and open markets, privatization, deregulation, and enhancing the role of the private sector in modern society. Who are its main proponents? The rise of the Austrian school of economics that draws on the earlier idea of capitalism, state and government are bad and they opposed state regulationWhat are the policies outlined under neoliberalism? Fiscal discipline: no deficit spending. Reduce public expenditure: reduce welfare social security. Tax reform: tax base should be expanded and reduce at top expand at base. Interest rates market determined, competitive exchange rates, trade liberalization, encouraging foreign direct investment, privatization, deregulation, property rights. What are some of the negative implications of these policies? Destroyed welfare programs and attacked the rights of laborWhat are the inequality and wealth distribution trends in the US and the World in the neoliberalperiod? The wealth distribution trends shrunk in the US and in the WorldHow has privatization ushered by neoliberalism impacted homelessness in Texas? It redefined homelessness; which is any kind of uncertain residence status What are the global institutions that have been enforcing neoliberalism? IMF and the World Bank Briefly describe the role played by each? IMF and the World Bank give loans and fund money towards countries in needExplain the main characteristics of the Post-Fordist mode of production that became popular with the adoption of neoliberal policies? Vertical disintegration and horizontal/ geographical integration, producer diversity, re-skilled, main targets: students, working moms and bureaucrats, informal – hardly legal, flex or just-in-time productionIn the documentary Life and Debt, what were some examples of negative impacts of neoliberal policy and what was a good example of post-Fordist mode of production? The local farmers couldn’t sell their products because the food that was being imported was cheaper than thelocally produced food. The factory in Jamaica is a good example of post-Fordist mode of production because the workers were being exploited and only being paid thirty dollars a week in US dollars. Topic 8:What is globalization? The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.What are the different kinds of flows in a globalizing world? Capital, people, ideology What is Castells’ network society? Neoliberal logic – dissolution of tariff barriers, emphasizing rising importance of cities because they are networking flows, Network societies where cities are “Spaces of Places” and cities are major sender/ receiver of flowsWhat is Harvey’s time-space compression? As if distances have shrunk in over imagination, we can overcome space because of distance. What according to Appadurai are the cultural implications of globalization, what two concepts does he use to illustrate his theory? Erosion of cultural diversity through homogenization – corporate flows like fast food; iron out culture uniqueness in new places. Why are certain people and places in both the First and the Third World entrapped even when globalization ensures flows and connectivity? The first world feels entrapped because they are stuck in a vicious cycle of work and credit and it is difficult to leave work. The third world feels entrapped because they are not able to escape like people in the first world can. Topic 9:What is Huntington’s forecast for conflicts in the era of globalization? Provide criticisms of his hypothesis? Clash of Civilizations, not a conflict between nations or ideology, the world is divided into eight different civilization blocks: West, Islam, Hindu, Slavic Orthodox, Japanese, African, Latin America and Confucianism (Chinese). Kin-Country syndrome: group of nations with similarity. Two civilization blocks meet is where there are clashes – fault lines ex. Israel and Palestine. Biggest clash could be West V Rest, there are four triggers. The critiques are 1. The criterion for classification is simplistic, what is the West?? 2. Culturally deterministic, culture sole determiner, factor in producing violence, ignores importance of economy.What is Barber’s theory of conflict in a globalizing world and what is his proposed solution? “McWorld” vs Jihad, the conflict is con-federal union of communities: expressing voice of local, Jihad feel like they’re not being represented and democracy is the solutionTopic 10:Give a brief account of how and when the Israel-Palestinian conflict emerged? Palestinians felt that Israel was their homeland and tried to take Jerusalem. Israelites pushed the Palestinians offthe land and into two separate territories. What were the main impetuses behind the formation of the state of Israel? The 44 percent that went to the PalestiniansWhat was the immediate impact of the UN partition plan on the geography of the region and the people of Palestine? Egypt attacked Israel and led to the oil crisis How did the geography of the region continue to change after partition and what does it look like now? In 67 22 percent of the 44 percent went to Israel known as the occupied territories. Now there is even less that is occupied by Palestinians. Who were/are the actors involved in the conflict, and what are their respective positions? What are the different grass root organizations fighting for the right to Palestinian self-determination, discuss their similarities and differences? PLO, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, HezbollahWhy does Gregory explain the Palestinian conflict as a situation where “imaginative geographies” are “performances” of spaces? What imaginations and what performances does he refer to here? The reason that the US got involved is because what we imagined Israel and Palestine to be. Imagination is where a group of people imagine what they perceive a place to be like, what we assume Palestine and Israel to look like and be like. Space is an important ingredient in creating