Chapter 4 Perceiving Persons Part 2 Feb 14 2012 Attribution Theories cont 2 Kelly s Covariation theory Attribute behavior to internal person or external situation based on 3 questions 1 Consensus 2 Distinctiveness 3 Consistency See fig 4 4 If low distinctiveness low consensus but high consistency which attribution Example If high distinctiveness high consensus but low consistency which attribution Example Biases Attribution Biases 1 Attribution Biases What are heuristics A Availability heuristic i Can lead to false consensus ii Can lead to baserate fallacy iii Linked to counterfactual thinking Regret over what we might have done Olympic results example 2 Fundamental Attribution Error FAE What is it 2 step model Examples Sources of the FAE Example Sources of FAE 1 Actor observer difference What is it 2 Time perspective 3 Cultural differences Biases Motivational Biases 2 Motivational Biases A Self serving biases Influence of need for self esteem Belief in a just world B Belief in a Just World How does it work Effects on how we view others especially victims Why might we enhance victims Biases Confirmation Biases 3 Confirmation Biases A Belief Perseverance search for confirming evidence On Being Sane in Insane Places example What do we do with disconfirming evidence Remedy B Self fulfilling prophecy Expectations can lead to fulfillment Pygmalion in the classroom what are the results Rosenthal s 1968 study automatic process 4 ways bloomers were treated differently Differences between experiments on SFP and reality
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