Physiology 206 Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Axons II Action potentials III Myelin sheath IV Neurotransmitters V Presynaptic cells postsynaptic cells VI Central nervous system VII Peripheral nervous system Outline of Current Lecture I Skull II Cerebral Spinal Fluid III Blood brain barrier IV Sensory homunculus V Motor homunculus VI Broca s area VII Wernicke s area VIII Association areas Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 27 14 Skull o Dura mater layer closest to skull Tough leathery covering just inside the skull o Arachnoid mater highly vascularized layer Underneath dura mater o cerebral spinal fluid made in brain fills space between meningeal layers o Pia mater covers brain tightly o brain Capillaries in brain are more selective than in body creates the blood brain barrier o keeps foreign compounds may be toxic away from brain o prevents pharmalogical infections Cerebral spinal fluid o Has same density of brain is a buoyant fluid o Prevents brain from floating to the top or sinking to the bottom of the skull o Easier to generate action potentials in CSF Cortex gray Medulla white o Myelinated axons make it look white covered in myelin Blood brain barrier o Prevents brain from being directly exposed to plasma Hypothalamus only brain part that is outside the blood brain barrier Cerebrum o Largest part of the brain o 2 hemispheres o 4 lobes Frontal forehead Temporal temples Parietal front top Occipital back Sensory homunculus o Diagram where the size of body parts is proportional to the number of sensory nerves that you have o A projection of your body s surface onto the parietal lobe Motor homunculus o A projection of your body s surface onto the surface of the frontal lobe o The feet of the motor homunculus are across from the feet of the sensory homunculus o Diagram where the size of the body parts is proportional to the number of motor neurons in your body Broca s area frontal lobe o People with lesions I this area can t speak o Can t make words making speech o Motor coordination Wernicke s Area parietal lobe o Understanding speech o People with lesions in this area can t understand speech o Can hear and form words but can t integrate words with meaning Prefrontal Association Cortex o Allows us to consider consequences of our actions o Sensible planning o Frontal lobotomy medical procedure where they stuck a needle up through the top of the eye into the skull Removed violent tendencies Resulted in flat affect no personality Parietal temporal occipital association area o Integrates many different senses Limbic Association Cortex memory Subcortical o Basal nuclei basal ganglia Have a role in inhibiting muscle contraction o Resting tremor caused by a loss of basal nuclei o Ex Parkinson s disease caused by a deficit in the function of basal nuclei
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