Psychology Final Exam Review:Ch. 121. On what criticism would you judge a behavior to be abnormal?a. Atypical- goes against the normb. Disturbing- varies with time and culturec. *unjustifiable- no good reasond. maladaptive- harmful, distressing; interferes with effective functioning2. can you identify criteria for abnormal behavior from the lecture/book?a. Above is from lecture ^b. Book: definition: behavior that is rare (abnormal)i. Social norm deviance: goes against societal normas1. Situational context: the social or environmental setting of a persons behaviorii. Subjective discomfort: emotion distress or emotional painiii. Maladaptive: anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses of life. 3. Do you have a good sense of the rates of psychological disorders? a. Depressive disorders- 10% 20.9 million peopleb. Anxiety disorders- 18% 40 million peoplec. 52% no disorder, 21% one disorder, 13% two disorders, 14% 3 or more disorders.4. Do you know that the DSM-IV-TR is?a. Diagnostic and statistic manual of psychological disorders and symptoms5. Do you know how many axes of disorders are specified?a. 5 axes6. Do you know the 6 categories of disorders in the lecture and book?a. (1) anxiety disorderb. (2) mood disorderc. (3) schizophrenia disorderd. (4) somatoform disordere. (5) dissociative disorderf. (6) personality disorder7. Are you familiar with the symptoms and particular deficits with each?a. Anxiety- distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors (general anxiety- unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy lasting 6 months, feeling of dread and impending doom, panic- intense fear of something bad happening, phobias- irrational fear and avoidance of specific objects, obsessive-compulsive intruding thoughts[obsessions]) b. Mood- characterized by emotional extremes, major depressive disorder (two or more weeks of depressed mood for no reason, bipolar alternates between hopelessness depression and overly excited)c. Schizophrenia- severe psychotic (loss with reality) delusions, disordered thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate actions or motionsd. Somatoform- physical health problems that are psychological (somatization disorder- chronic aches and pains, hypochondriasis- milder form preoccupation with health, somatoform pain- similar to somatization but pain is main symptom, conversion- blindness, deafness[not possible])e. Dissociative- conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts and feelings (dissociative amnesia- selective memory brought on by stress, dissociative fatigue- flight from ones home and identity, dissociative identity- two or more distinct personalities)f. Personality- a person adopts a maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with social norms (anti-social behaves in impulsive manner without regard for a consequence, borderline- person is moody unstable and lacks a clear sense of identity)8. Do you have a sense of what factors contribute to each?a. Yes9. For personality disorders do you understand antisocial, borderline and narcissistic disorders?a. Antisocial- a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequencesb. Borderline- maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, and lacks sense of identity, clings to othersc. Narcissistic-Ch. 1310. what is clinical psychology?a. Field of psych focusing on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior11. What is the boulder model?a. The integration of science and practice with the ultimate goal of clinical ability Reasearh Practice12. what are the differences between psychologist and psychiatrist?a. Psychologist- have a Ph. D, do not prescribe drugs, endorse piopsychosocial modelb. Psychiatrists- have an MD, prescribe drugs, endorse the medical model13. What is the medical model?a. Persective that abnormal behavior reflects a type of physical or medical illness/diseasei. Can be “cured” through treatment including therapy and medication14. What is the biopsychosocial model?a. Perspective that abnormal behavior can be treated by understanding the biological, psychological, and social factors at work.i. Bio- genetics, brain structure and functionii. Psycho- stress, traumaiii. Social- expectations, social support15. What is the definition of psychotherapy?a. A planned, emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained healer and a person seeking help.16. Do you understand the underlying basis for psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavior, cognitive, and biological therapies?a. Psychoanalytic- deals with bringing unconscious conflicts, usually from childhood, into consciousnessb. Humanistic- we all have potential to become unique and valuable peoplec. Behavioral- change behavior through learning new responsesd. Cognitive- faulty thought processes and beliefs cause problems behaviors andemotionse. Biological- therapies directly affecting the biological functioning of the body and brain.17. What do proponents of each of the view believe causes psychological disorders?a. Psychoanalytic- unconscious conflicts (usually from childhood)b. Humanistic- problems resslut when persons normal growth potential is blockedc. Behavioral- learning behaviors wronglyd. Cognitive- faulty thought processes and beliefse. Biological- genetics, the way we were born18. What do proponents of each view believe clients need to remedy in order to improve?a. Biological- medications, anti-psychotic drugs, anti-anxiety drugs, and anit- depressant drugs19. How do you understand the methods that each employs?a. Humanistic- removing problems so the person can become self-accepting.b. Psychoanalytic- patient learns that conditions that caused conflict are no longer around, causes release of tension and anxiety. c. Behavioral- learning created the problems, so new learning corrects them.d. Cognitive- replace distorted thoughts/beliefs with realistic onese. Biological- medication will help the problem20. Do you know what action and insight therapies are all about?a. Action therapy: the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly.b. Insight therapy: the main goal is helping people gain insight or awareness with respect to their behavior, thoughts, and feelings21. Can you describe the key elements of gestalt therapy?a. Very directive, often confront clients about the statements they have made (deals with problems of hiding important