Two important scientific processes that paved the way for photography. The first was the camera obscura and the second was the use of chemicals such as silver chloride and powdered nitrate from silver. The first picture was produced in June/July 1827 by Niepce, which took eight hours to develop. His partnership with Louis Daguerre established on January 4, 1829 led to Daguerre’s now famous Daguerreotypes. Daguerre shortened the exposure time from eight hours down to half an hour and discovered that images could be made permanent by immersing it into salt. Daguerreomania developed overnight success and great public interest. It wasn’t until William Talbot’s Calotypes that an unlimited amount of positive prints could be made. A major step in photography was Dr. Richard Maddox’s use of gelatin as a bases for photograpic plates, which led to the dry plate process that created the possibility of taking pictures without having specialized knowledge. George Eastman’s invention of the box camera in 1888, allowed photography to reach a greater number of people.Some artists saw photography as a threat to their careers, but would later be viewed as a form of high art,and a tool for mass communication. Radio was a collaborate effort of many inventors and began with Guglielmo Marconi’s invention of his spark transmitter with antenna in 1894. But 30 years before Marconi, Cambridge professor James Maxwell, though never experienced radiowaves, theorized that radio waves could be reflected, absorbed, and focused, having an effect on an object in focus. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz put Maxwell’s theory into practice, and 1894 Oliver Lodge succeeded in transmitting wireless signals over 150 yards. In 1900, the radio saved hundreds of lives when it was used for the first time during a rescue mission for a ship in turmoil. In Canada, Reginald Fessenden invented a continuous voice transmitter in 1905 which led to a voice broadcast in the North Atlantic on Christmas 1906. Harold D. Arnold of AT&Tdeveloped the amplifying vacuum in 1913 that made the first coast to coast telephony and led the first translantic radio transmission in 1915. The effect of radio had a tremendous impact on the world. World War I was the first war that expreienced the widespread use of the radio, mainly the use of the Morse code. With the radio, many people around the world have the privelege of instant communication and connection. First photo1827Kodak Box Camera1888Radio reciever1900  IMMERSIVE EVENTS:HISTORICALRADIO PHOTOGRAPHY  IMMERSIVE EVENTS:HISTORICALTelevisionThe television has proven to be an essential source for information, entertainment, and communication. John Logie Baird popularized television in Britain beginning with his’Televisor’, an experimental television device, in 1924. The first person to appear on TV was a young boy Baird had bribed to test his experiment. The war over the promotion of television’s growth and development amongst the top inventors was won by Vladimir Zworykin, hailed as the father of ‘modern television’. Zworykin invented the iconoscope in 1923, a tube that captured television images which laid the foundation for all television production in the 1930’s. In 1924 , Zworykin invented the kinescope, the same device that provide the screens for many televisions and computer monitors today. By 1936 the BBC began its switch to the electronic TV system and transmitted the first television signal from Alexandria Palace, considered as the ‘People’s Palace’. Televison was a new form of entertainment that would laterprove to dominate many lives around the world.The first generation of televisions in Britain were in black and white but later changing to color in the 1960’s. In the U.S, the National Television Standards settled on a color telelvision process based on 525 line services. Television’s evolution has provided the world with visual records of historical events that have taken place since it’s early beginnings.BBC First Color Transmission 1967  IMMERSIVE EVENTS:MEDIA ARTExperimental FilmIn 1925 the first experimental films were created by the German and French avant garde where they were brought together at a Berlin film festival. These artists had the common idea of bringing painting into motion, where the medium of film was used to express time and rhythm through abstract forms. In the 1930's, real imagesand observation inspired the idea of constructing reality, where the pictures were works of art on their own. During World War II, the Third Reich led to a delay in furthering film art in Germany, influencing many of the avantgarde to leave the country. The 1960's saw the prominence of young creative experimental filmakers in Austria, and Germany, inspired mainly by North American underground films, leading to new trends and movements. The term 'underground' defined the American sub-culture's trends in film art. The influence of drugs inspired psychedelic films in the 1960's, breaking new ground and categories. Structural films of the mid 1960's and onward emphasized the perception of multiple images of reality moreso than narrative content. Following the impact of this movement, the first experimental film festivals were created in Cologne, Germany. Experimental films seeks to explore social and film conventions by bringing the film material itself as the subject of the film.'Funeral Parade of Roses'Toshiro MatsumotoJapan, 1969'Emperor Jones'Dudley MurphyUSA, 1933Music VideoThe music video dates back as early as 1890 when George Thomas set music to projected photograpic imagesto entertain an audience. Thomas photographed people acting out a song called,"The Little Lost Child", and insidethe theater musicians would play along to the slides projected on the screen. The music video of today began withthe launch of MTV in 1981 with "Video Killed the Radio Star" by the Buggles. MTV has had a tremendous impact on the American cultural landscape and the nature of the music industry. Many of the early videos were shot on film and some were animated such as Dire Straits "Money for Nothing". The videos often involved dancing, lip synching, and sometimes a narrative concept that connects with the lyrics. The combination of storylines,acting, and graphic imagery brought in the perception of the music video as a new art form. The content of this new art was often controversial with its