Research Ethics with Child Development FSHD 32310-3-13 What is child development?Constancy and changeInteractions between nature and nurtuesInteractions beterrn individuals and contextsParent child contextFamily child contextIndividual differences and group differencesSTUDYSNaturalistic observation- record behavior of interest in the natural setting.Strength- Natural settingLimitations- cant control envriomentStructured observation-Structure a situationEven for everyone involved in studyEvoke behaviors of interestTwo different styles observed in same enviroment/experimentSystematic observationsStrength- equal opp to display behaviorGreater research controlStudy rare eventsWeakness- artificial, may act differentOverall evaluationStrengths- source of info, behavior natural, removes need for language or mental processing.Limitations- presence of observer can effectObserver influence- effects of observer can alter behavior. May change with individual differences.Systematic observationNeutralizationAdaptation periodNatural recorderUnmanned recording equiptmentObserver biasAware of purposes, bias of what is recorded, expect to see“blind” researchersKnow nothing about familiesPractical limitation of neutralizationTime consuming, expensiveMost commonSurveys and questionairesIndividual is asked same questionChild behavior reportschildren- truthful, lack of understanding/ perspectivefamily members- comparison, biaspeers- lack adult understafing/ perspectiveteachers- who is comparison groupSelf reportingStandardizationEfficientCompareProvide responses participants may not generate on their ownLimitations- wording may be confusingAccuarcy- not able to recallSocial describility- provide answers to reflect positivelyInterviews- interviewer biasExperimental DesignsIndependent variable- researcher manipulates CAUSEDependent- outcome of interst, EFFECTCorrelational DesignsGather information on individyals without altering experiences, then examine relationships between charecteristics and behavior. NOT cause and effect.Correlation- relationship, association, linkCorrelation- strengths and directionCorrelation coefficient- degree and directionResearch Ethics with Child Development FSHD 32310-3-13What is child development?- Constancy and change- Interactions between nature and nurtues- Interactions beterrn individuals and contextso Parent child contexto Family child context- Individual differences and group differences STUDYS Naturalistic observation- record behavior of interest in the natural setting.- Strength- Natural setting- Limitations- cant control envrioment  Structured observation- - Structure a situation- Even for everyone involved in study- Evoke behaviors of interest- Two different styles observed in same enviroment/experiment  Systematic observations- Strength- equal opp to display behavior- Greater research control- Study rare events- Weakness- artificial, may act different Overall evaluation- Strengths- source of info, behavior natural, removes need for language or mental processing.- Limitations- presence of observer can effect- Observer influence- effects of observer can alter behavior. May change with individual differences. Systematic observation- Neutralizationo Adaptation periodo Natural recordero Unmanned recording equiptment - Observer biaso Aware of purposes, bias of what is recorded, expect to seeo “blind” researchers Know nothing about familieso Practical limitation of neutralization  Time consuming, expensive Most common- Surveys and questionaireso Individual is asked same question- Child behavior reportso children- truthful, lack of understanding/ perspectiveo family members- comparison, biaso peers- lack adult understafing/ perspectiveo teachers- who is comparison group Self reporting- Standardization- Efficient- Compare- Provide responses participants may not generate on their owno Limitations- wording may be confusingo Accuarcy- not able to recallo Social describility- provide answers to reflect positively o Interviews- interviewer bias Experimental Designs- Independent variable- researcher manipulates CAUSE- Dependent- outcome of interst, EFFECT Correlational Designs- Gather information on individyals without altering experiences, then examine relationships between charecteristics and behavior. NOT cause and effect.- Correlation- relationship, association, link- Correlation- strengths and direction- Correlation coefficient- degree and