Breast feeding71% of mothers breastfeedmost stop after a few months1 year recommendedcombonation (formula + breast milk) benefitshealth benefits for motherno effects on mother-child bonding or attachmentessential in developing countriesFactors affecting physical growthMay have long term effectsImmediate: interfere with developmentLong term: protective mechanism, low basal metabolicUndernutrition- deficiency of calories or of one or more nutrientsFood insecurity- access to food is scarce or unavailavleOvereat when they have acess to foodGrowing epidemicLess apparentEmotional Well-being2 growth disorders called emotional neglect/deprivationnon organic failure to thrivepsychosocial dwarphismChildhood obesityGreater than 20% increase over healthy weight for the same height and frame, based on BMI30 or above= obeseno increases, stopped epidemic30% are overweight17% are obesetriples in decadequadroupled in 25 yearsmultiple, interactive, and gene linked causesGeneticsparent child BMI correlationstwin and adoption studiesdifferent distributions of body fatgenetic evidence is more clear among adults rather than childrenInfant behaviorTwo overweight parentsInfants prefer sweet tastemore intense sucking at 2-4 weeksassociated with above average weight at 4 years oldSocial learinginModeling from parentsReinforcement from parentsFailure to self regulate eatingSelf regulationFamily functioningSleepLess sleep 3-12 more likely to be overweight 5 years laterTime for eatingToo tired for physical activityRegulation of hunger and metabolismStressInterferes with metabolic processesNeed more calories, more fatnCoping related to food consumptionParental roleEnivromentAmerican, industrializedSedentary- cause and consequenceAccess motivation replacement activitiesFast processed, high fat foodsLack of knowledge about healthy foods/dietsMedia exposureSocioeconomic status- higher rates amount lower and minority groupsFood desertMulti-prongedMultiple stakeholders and contextsIndividual ad societal changedPhysical Development 11/17/2013Breast feeding-71% of mothers breastfeed-most stop after a few months-1 year recommended-combonation (formula + breast milk) benefits-health benefits for mother-no effects on mother-child bonding or attachment-essential in developing countriesFactors affecting physical growth-May have long term effectsoImmediate: interfere with developmentoLong term: protective mechanism, low basal metabolic-Undernutrition- deficiency of calories or of one or more nutrients-Food insecurity- access to food is scarce or unavailavleoOvereat when they have acess to foodoGrowing epidemicoLess apparentEmotional Well-being-2 growth disorders called emotional neglect/deprivation-non organic failure to thrive-psychosocial dwarphismChildhood obesity-Greater than 20% increase over healthy weight for the same height and frame, based on BMI-30 or above= obese-no increases, stopped epidemic-30% are overweight-17% are obese-triples in decade-quadroupled in 25 years-multiple, interactive, and gene linked causesGeneticsoparent child BMI correlationsotwin and adoption studiesodifferent distributions of body fatogenetic evidence is more clear among adults rather than childrenInfant behavior-Two overweight parentsoInfants prefer sweet tasteomore intense sucking at 2-4 weeks associated with above average weight at 4 years oldSocial learingin-Modeling from parents-Reinforcement from parents-Failure to self regulate eating-Self regulation-Family functioningSleep-Less sleep 3-12 more likely to be overweight 5 years later-Time for eating-Too tired for physical activity-Regulation of hunger and metabolismStress-Interferes with metabolic processesoNeed more calories, more fatn-Coping related to food consumptionoParental roleEnivroment-American, industrializedoSedentary- cause and consequenceoAccess motivation replacement activitiesoFast processed, high fat foods-Lack of knowledge about healthy foods/diets-Media exposure-Socioeconomic status- higher rates amount lower and minority groupsoFood desertoMulti-prongedoMultiple stakeholders and contextsoIndividual ad societal