5.8.12 tues.Gender and Sexual DevelopmentFilm La Familia: social change and cultural valuesSex as a primary category to which people are assignedWhen you meet somebody sex is the primary category that you trigger in your perception of someoneFrom birth: “it’s a boy” “it’s a girl”Adults need to categorize infants and this need is dramatized in the baby x videoBaby x video: illustrate and dramatize the actual study/ baby was named x so you couldn’t tell if it was a boy girl and their physical features could not tell you either/ even when questions were asked such as favorite t.v program you still weren’t able to tell what gender it was no gender information given!!/ when asked to guess whether the baby was a girl or boy people usually got their answers wrong(ex: someone says that it was a girl because it was dressed in yellow)/ the baby had a football and a doll as a toy so it was hard to tell what gender the baby was/ when someone was told that the baby was a girl they chose to use the doll instead of the football to play with the baby and handled the baby in a gentle way/ when people were told that the baby was a boy they chose to not use the doll to play with a baby and the person was a little more rough withthe baby/ this has nothing to do with the babies interest it comes from the environment/ the toys are channeling future involvement such as childcare and footballThe effects of gender labels on adults’ behaviorBaby x experiment: Baby x condition where the baby is nottried to guess the baby gender and thishas to do with the universal need on the part of the adults to categorize(they asked or tried to guess)The baby is labeled as a boy: the football was the dominate toy response The baby is labeled as a girl: the doll was the dominate toy responseprepare the girls for pregnancy , childbirth, and providing the care for the very young andvery old(universals)In home experiment: environmental differentiation of boys and girlsGender identity: self-categorization/ the verbal identity as early as 26mos., increased with age, majority had both verbal and nonverbal at 31mos/ if theypicture of themselves in a boy box and the baby and the picture were a boy thenthey were given credit for identifying gender/ if they were able to put the pictures in the correct box they were given credit for non-verbal and if they took the box away and they got the answer right they got credit for verbal gender identityGender labeling: verbal and nonverbal as early as 26mos./ nonverbal labeling increased with age, majority had it at 36mos./ Awareness of sex-role stereotypes: as early as 26mos, majority understood this by 36mos.,/ has to do with children’s awareness of sex-role stereotypes in adults’ behavior and toys/ if they got the stereotypes rights then they are aware of sex-role stereotypesThese skills developed very early/ developmental origins of genderEnvironmental differentiation of boys and girls and very different ages(ex: toys for babies of different ages)Children’s development of gender categorization: how early does this happen?/ children’s own awareness of their genderSexual development at adolescent: puberty/ heterosexual direction majorityPregnancy and child birth restricted to femalesFemales provide care to the very young and very oldFemales orient there time to ppl and les to thingsAnd males are dominate to powerSocio-demograhics and cultural values:Sociodemographis(leads to cultural values) GesellschafindividualsGemeinschafcollectivism(cultural values)Gemeinshaf environment:Collectivistic valuesAscribed gender rolesborn into the role (ex: a baby boy new born will have tools placed in his hand in a certain cultureComplementary gender roles: gender roles are differentiate and compliment eachother/ together it makes a livable environment/ ex: the women makes the tortillas and the man makes the corn/ interdependenceimportant aspect of collectivistic valuesSexual roles as obligation to family of procreation (homo. Not accepted)/ interdependence of the extended familySexual socialization emphasizes procreation and development: you don’t have sex for pleasure only for childrenGreater segregation of males and females in adolescence: if you want sex to be for family formation then you have to keep boys and girls separate. (ex: groups of boy s and groups of girls/ can’t talk to a boy on the path)Marriage is a joining of two families (arranged marriage): the parents select the artnersSex only in marriage: Gesellschaf environment:Individualistic valuesChosen and achieved gender roles: not born into your gender roles/ (ex: who takes care of the children and your career)Egalitarian gender roles: treat male and female students the same and even in careersSexual roles by choice (homosexuality more accepted): whether you have sex or don’t have sex and your own choice of partnerSexual socialization emphasizes pleasure, personal responsibility, and intimacy between two individualsAdolescent male and female are togetherMarriage is a joining of two individuals (elopement): sometimes you do not even tell your parents who you’re marryingSexual exploration as development stage: it’s accepted and good to have sex before deciding to marry/ exploring different partnersSociodemographic influences on “selecting” a pathwayLevel of social unitMoney/ commerceUrbanizationOpportunities for formal educationLevel of individualMore or less wealthUrban vs. rural residenceMore or less formal educationCan have more or less gemeinshcaf and gesellschaf communities and within those communities people can have more or less of some of each of the qualitiesCultural change:From more collectivistic to more individualistic/ values become more individualisticseen in thefilm La Familia (changeover generations)La FamiliaThe wedding celebration is also about the family as much as it is about loveThe men have to meet the father and the relationship goes slow before marriage happensThough things have changed the family values have stayed the sameThe kids are given their freedom when they get marriedMonthly barbeque brings the family togetherkeeps the family traditionWhen you marry a Mexican, you marry the whole familyThe balances of power are changingwomen criticize their husbands behavior/ women are more independent, educated, aware of themselves as individuals/ women believe they don’t have to be passive because of the opportunities/ women are starting to have