Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Review for your examYou’re going to do great!!•Name the generations of Cephalosporins.•Keflex: Cephalexin Sodium (1st generation) Ceftin: Cefuroxime (2nd) Claforan: Cefotaxime (3rd) Maxipime: Cefepime (4th)•What are the most important side effects to watch for when administering cephalosporins?•Rash, anorexia, hypersenstivity (rash, pruritis, fever), N/V diarrhea, GI Pain.•What are the main side effects to watch for when administering Tetracycline?•Epigastric discomfort, diarrhea, heartburn and photosensitivity. Others: N/V, suprainfection( C. difficile), abdominal cramping.Important information to include in the client's education regarding taking aminoglycosides is that:•The drug can cause discoloration of teeth.•Fluid intake should be decreased to prevent retention.•This drug primarily is given orally, because it is absorbed in the GI tract.•A serious side effect is hearing loss.A nurse is preparing to administer a broad-spectrum antibiotic medication to a client. An important nursing intervention prior to administration regarding anti-infectives is:•Obtaining the culture report prior to starting any medication.•Performing a culture within 24 hours after starting the medication.•Performing the culture for evidence prior to administering the first dose of the anti-infective.•Administering medicine, and omitting performing cultures.A client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Important information the nurse must know includes:•This medicine must be taken on an empty stomach, to increase absorption.•This medicine is classified as an aminoglycoside, and given for systemic bacterial infections.•This medicine should be given with an antacid, to increase the absorption and effectiveness of the medicine.•This medicine should not be given with the ordered multivitamin.A client has been on an antibiotic for two weeks for treatment of an ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The client asks the nurse why a superinfection is caused by this medication. The nurse responds:•This is a secondary infection due to Candida.”•"The infection has developed immunity to the current drug.”•"The infection has become severe.”•"The infection has a restricted group of microorganisms."A nursing intervention for administering sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim) to a client is to:•Have the client drink a full glass of water with the medicine.•Have the client drink a glass of milk.•Have the client take the medicine with solid foods.•Have the client take the medicine on an empty stomach.A client has been discharged with a prescription for penicillin. Discharge instructions include that: (Select all that apply.)•Penicillins can be taken while breastfeeding.•The entire prescription must be finished.•All penicillins can be taken without regards to eating.•Some possible side effects include abdominal pain and diarrhea.A client has been prescribed tetracycline. When providing information regarding this drug, the nurse would be correct in stating that tetracycline:•Is classified as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.•Is used to treat a wide variety of disease processes.•Has been identified to be safe during pregnancy.•Is contraindicated in children under 8 years of age.A client has been diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. While his medicine is being administered, he asks questions regarding his treatment on vancomycin. The nurse's appropriate response would be:•"After starting the medicine regimen, you are considered to be no longer contagious."•"The majority of antibacterial drugs are used exclusively for MRSA."•"Drug therapy for MRSA does not differ from treating other infections."•"It is necessary to continue IV therapy infusion for at least two hours for each dose and watch for nephrotoxicity."The client receiving heparin therapy asks how the "blood thinner" works. The best response by the nurse would be:•"Heparin makes the blood less viscous."•"Heparin dissolves the clot."•"Heparin does not thin the blood, but prevents platelets from clumping."•"Heparin decreases the number of platelets, so that blood clots slower."Nursing interventions for a client receiving enoxaparin (Lovenox) may include:•Teaching the client or family to give subcutaneous injections at home.•Monitoring multiple lab tests.•Teaching to observe for excessive bleeding.•Monitoring for development of deep vein thrombosis.The nurse completes a physical assessment on the client receiving heparin therapy for DVT. The client complains of severe lumbar pain. The appropriate action by the nurse is to:•Reposition the client to promote comfort.•Document the finding, and report it to the next shift.•Administer pain medication.•Evaluate further; this could indicate a complication of drug therapy.The nurse receives the client's lab values throughout Coumadin drug therapy. The expected therapeutic level is:•APTT 25-40 seconds.•APTT 1-2 times the client's baseline.•PT 1-2 times the client's baseline.•INR 0.5-1.5.The client is prescribed enoxaparin (Lovenox). The initial dosage of the drug is determined by:•The client's weight.•The APTT.•The PT.•The INR.Warfarin (Coumadin) is prescribed to treat clotting following a surgery. Which of the following findings requires immediate nursing intervention?•INR of 3.0•Positive Homans' sign•Tylenol (acetaminophen) prescribed for headache•Urinary output 1,000