GHIST 101 : FINAL EXAM
68 Cards in this Set
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monsoon
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seasonal winds in indian ocean, very strong and predictable, allows for sea travel
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Buddha
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indian prince named siddhartha gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position, he emancipated the principles of buddhism
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Bhagavad Gita
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most important work of indian sacred text, dialogue between warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit
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silk road
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caravan routes connecting china and the middle east across central asia and iran
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stirrup
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device for securing a horsemans feet, first evidence among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan, 1st century c.e.
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Bantu migration
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Collective name of large group of sub-saharan african languages and the people that speak it as the spread across africa
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prophet muhammed
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arab prophet, founder of the religion islam (570-632 c.e.)
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caliphate
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office established in succession to the prophet muhammad to rule islamic empire
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qur'an
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book composed of divine revelations made to muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632. sacred text of islam
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shi'ites
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muslims belonging to the branch of islam believing that god vests leadership of community in descendent of muhammads son in law Ali
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investiture controversy
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dispute between popes and the holy roman emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands
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Mamluks of Egypt
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Turkic military slaves who eventually founded their own state in Egypt and Syberia (1250-1517)
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crusade
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armed pilgrimage to the holy land by christains determined to recover jerusalum from muslim rule
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Junk (boats)
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a very large flat bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang, Song, and Ming empires, designed for long distance commercial travel
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Tang Empire
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unified china and part of central asia from 618-907, presided over a magnificent court at their capital Chang'an
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shamanism
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practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for benefit of the community, characteristic of Korea and societies of central asia
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Tenochtitlan
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capital of the aztec empire
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Yuan Empire
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created in china and syberia by Khubilai Khan
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bubonic plague
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bacterial disease from flees, spread by cough, outbreak creates major crisis in many parts of world
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Timur
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member of prominent family of Mongols Jagadai Khinate, through conquest gained control over much of central asia and iran. Consolidated the status of sunni islam as orthodox
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Tsar
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russian title for a monarch, first used by Ivan III
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Ottoman Empire
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islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. based at Istanbul from 1453-1922
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Zheng he
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imperial eunuch and muslim, entrusted by Ming emperor Yongle with series of state voyages through indian ocean, from southeast asia to africa
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Delhi Sultanate
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centralized indian empire of varying extent, created by muslim invaders
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Mansa Musa
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rule of Mali (r. 1312-1337) pilgrimmage through Egypt to mecca established empires reputation for wealth in the mediterranean world
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Gujarat
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region of western india famous for trade and manufacturing
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dhows
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characterisitc cargo and passanger ships of Arabian sea
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Swahili coast
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East African shores of Indian Ocean between the horn of africa and the Zambizi river
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Hanseatic league
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An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany
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scholasticism
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philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile aristotelian philosophy and roman catholic theology in 13th century
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Magna Carta
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guarantee of baron's feudal rights, came to be seen as a limit on the monarchs authority over all subjects
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Arawak
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Amerindian people who inhabited the greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of columbus
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Vasco da Gama
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Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 led first voyage from Europe to sail to India, opening an important sea route
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Hernan Cortes
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spanish explorer and conquistador who led conquest of aztec mexico
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Hippalus
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greek ship pilot who was said to have discovered a seasonal monsoon wind that facilitates sailing across the indian ocean
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Xuanzang
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journyed accross inner asia to india, making pilgrimage to Buddhist holy places and searching for sanskrit scriptures to take back to china
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Jihad
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holy war
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five pillars of islam
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1) avowel there is only one God and muhammad is his prophet
2) prayer 5 times a day
3) fasting during Ramadan
4) pay an alms tax
5) make pilgrimage to mecca atleast once
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Khadija
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first wife of prophet muhammad
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sufism
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mystical islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find truth in divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience with god
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Ibn Sina
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philosopher - scientist of islamic world. Noted for contrubtions in aristotellian philosophy and medicine
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Harun al-Rashid
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fifth caliph of abbasid dynasty. ruled islam at the zenith of its empire with luxury of Baghdad
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Justinian
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Byzantine empire rule from 527-565
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Battle of Manzikert
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battle in which the byzantine were defeated by seljuq turks, marked the beginning of the end of Byzantine empire
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fourth crusade
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christians agaisnt byzantines and resulted in the latin capture of constantinople, regions largest military undertaking since fall of Rome
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Pirenne Thesis
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The continuity of Roman civilization in northern Europe after the fall of Rome, created a real change in Europe, came from the rise of islam
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head covering
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one of the most universal of human cultural characteristics, one of most common ways of signaling social status
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autarky
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condition of self-sufficiency, especially economic, as applied to a nation, a national policy of economic dependence
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Charlemagne
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Carolingian family, started as protectors for Frankish kinds, became kinds themselves, under Charlemagne, the Carolingian empire encompased all of Gaul and parts of germany and italy
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Petrine Doctrine
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supports the legitmacy and supremacy of the bishop of Rome (pope) over all other bishops of catholic church
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eremetic monasticism
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original form of monastic life in christianity, consists of total withdraw from society and constant practice of mental prayer
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Varangians
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9th century swedes, persued raiding and trading interests and eventually the building of kingdoms along rivers of eastern europe and russia
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Vladimir I
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returned to Kiev after being exiled with a band of Varagians and made himself grand prince of Kievan Russia. Made orthodox christianity official religion
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Ghent
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group of christian crusader towns who rivaled italian cities in prosperity trade and industry
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Saladin
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most famous of muslim heroes, founder of the ayyubid dynasty, captured Jerusalem from Franks (1187)
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Procopius
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6th century Byzantine historian, works are indispensable sources for his period and contain much geogrphic information
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courtly love
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on idealization of feminine beauty and grace that influenced later european ideas of romance
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battle of talas river
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battle of talas river
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xenophobia
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fear of "others" or "foreigners"
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Wu Zhao
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women who married into imperial family, seized control of government in 690 and declared herself emperor. Prefered Bhuddhist and Daoist over confucianist
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foot binding
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widespread during song period, breaking bones of feet in chinese women
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samurai
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japanse warrior
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khipus
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system of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean (incan) people to transmit information
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Genghis Khan
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mongol rules from 1206-1227, very aggressive
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Feudalism
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histographic construct designating the social, economic, and politica conditions in western europe during the early middle ages
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Marco Polo
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Venetian marchand who traveled from europe to asia from 1271-1295...stayed in China for 17 of those years
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qimiz/kumis
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fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare's milk, turkic and mongol origin
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Hongwu
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originally named zhu yuanzhang, watched his family die from famine and disease, vanquished rival rebels and assumed imperial power of china, moved capital, strict policy of isolationism
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GHIST 101 : EXAM 2