GHIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II. Mahayana Buddhism III. Xia DynastyIV. Shang Dynasty Outline of Current Lecture I. Collapse of Shang Dynasty II. Zhou Dynasty III. Mandate of HeavenIV. End of Western Zhou Dynasty a. Story of King You and BaosiV. The Art of WarVI. Warring States Period a. Positive ChangesVII. Shang Yang’s Reforms a. Legalism VIII. Qin Technical Innovations a. Dujiangyan Irrigation System Current Lectureo Collapse of the Shang Shang Dynasty- King Zhou, a tyrant ruler and the last Shang king Zhou Dynasty- King Wen, a sage king in Confucian accountso Once he came to Shang, he tried to present his own tribute. King Zhou put him in jail - King Wu, song of King Wen- Invasion of Shang, 1045 BC - Western Zhou (1045-771 BC) - Eastern Zhou (771-256 BC)o The Spring and Autumn Period (771-481 BC)o The Warring States Period (403 – 221 BC) - Golden age of Chinese philosophy o ConfucianismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Daoismo Moism, Legalism - Mandate of Heaveno Heaven: Supreme Divine force o Ruler: Son of Heaven o A check on evil rulers Heaven will show it’s presence by good weather and good harvests Natural disasters as signs o Significances Emphasis on people’s living conditions Perfect reason for rebellion - End of the Western Zhouo Story of King You and Baosi, 771 BC King You found a woman names Baosi Baosi did not laugh easily. After trying many methods and failing, King You tried to amuse his favorite queen by lighting warning beacons and fooling his nobles into thinking that the Quanrong nomads were about to attack. The nobles arrived at the castle only to find themselves laughed at by Baosi. Even after King You had impressed Baosi, he continued to abuse his use of warning beacons and lost the trust of the nobles. King You called for his nobles using the previously abused beacons but none came. In the end, King You and Bofu were killed and Baosi was captured.- Spring and Autumn (722-481 BC)o The Spring and Autumn Annalso Powerful states took the leadership over all states Duke Huan of Qi (r. 685-643 BC)- Hegemon System- “Revere the king and expel the barbarians” Duke Wen of Jin (r. 636-628 BC)- His father married many women and had many sons- Legendary traveling in exile - Conquest and warfare - The Art of Waro Sun Zi and the Art of War Total 13 volumes, highly influential work on military strategy Sun Zi found his career in south China - He had famous arguments - “Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting.” - Through the strategic plans and the issues in the civil union, the US won the Cold War – relates to Sun Zi’s argument o Defeating enemy without fighting Important work for today’s corporate culture - The Warring States Period o After 100 years of conquests, many kingdoms disappeared (only 7 left) o In the next 200 years, the scale of war became more and moredevastating o More than ½ million soldiers killed o Positive changes Socio- Economic Developments Change of terminology: “Duke” -> “king” - Many sons of heaven New local governing structures: county - Feudal system collapsed Emergence of private land ownership - Before, the whole country was owned by king Expanding state activities - Taxation, currency, road and wall building- Appearance of minted coins - Shang Yang’s Reforms o Minister of Qin (one of the 7 kingdoms), the 350s B.C. o Principles of Legalism Assigning land to soldiers rather than nobilities Individual ownership of property Breaking large families into nuclear ones o Establishing a foundation of Qin unification- Qin Technical Innovations o Dujiangyan Irrigation System Broke into to streams – inner stream and outter stream- The inner streams flows into the cities that is used for agriculture - The outter streams are used to control flooding Built in 256 BC, located near Chengdu, Sichuan Still running
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