GHIST 101 : EXAM 2
146 Cards in this Set
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Three Characteristics of Late Zhou Dynasty. Decline of _______, Increased _______, ______ Golden Age
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Decline of FEUDALISM
Increased WARFARE
INTELLECTUAL golden age ("Hundred Schools")
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In the Late Zhou Dynasty, feudal _____ were converted to ______.
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feudal VASSALS were converted to KINGS
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Late Zhou dynasty was characteristic of centralized ______. The states brought about ______, ______, _________, emergence of state-sponsered ______ and _______
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centralized STATES
brought about BUREACRACY, UNIFORMITY, STATE MONOPOLIES, emergence of IRRIGATION and CANALS
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Late Zhou dynasty cities and trade were characteristic of _____, ______, more productive ________ due to ______, iron _____, and _______
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MONEY, MERCHANTS, more productive AGRICULTURE due to IRRIGATION, iron TOOLS, and PLOWS
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In the Late Zhou dynasty, non-aristocrats gain _____, ______, and ______ importance; making it characteritic of: ______, ______, and wealthy _______
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SOCIAL, POLICTICAL, MILITARY importants; making it characteristic of BUREAUCRATS, SCHOLARS, wealthy FARMERS
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the Late Zhou dynasty was known as the "_____ _____ _____" due to the fact that it had ____ weapons and intense fighting
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"WARRING STATES PERIOD", iron weapons
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Despite the fighting in the Late Zhou dynasty, it was the most _____ society on earth, composed of ___ to ____ million people.
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POPULOUS, 20 to 40 million people
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What Chinese dynasty era was the most creative in traditional chinese thought, producing competing philosophies? Because of this, it was labeled the era of the "____ _____ of ______"
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Late Zhou dynasty; "HUNDERED SCHOOLS of THOUGHT"
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Late Zhou dynasty had an intellectual golden age. Some of the philosophical schools of thought are ________, __________, ________, and others such as ______ and _______.
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CONFUCIANISM, DAOISM, LEGALISM, and others such as MATERIALISM and LOGIC
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The common goal of the Late Zhou dynasty's intellectual golden age is to return to _____ and ________ peace
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SOCIAL and POLITICAL
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The Warring States Period of the Late Zhou dynasty caused a great toll on ______
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ARISTOCRACY
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The armies of the Zhou dynasty were composed of peasant _______ which pushed out _________ knights
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CONSCRIPTS; pushed out ARISTOCRATIC knights
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Confucianism returned to (but transformed) early ______ tradition
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Chou
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Confucianism was _____ in structure. "______ of names". Confucius say the govt leaders should be similar to ______
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HIERARCHICAL in structure.
"RECTIFICATION of names."
govt leader structure should be similar to FAMILY
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Confucianism believed in _____ and _____ rather than ______ and law.
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DECORUM and RITES rather than PUNISHMENT and law
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Confucianism believed in aristocracy of ____ and _____ rather than birth which illustrates the move away from ______
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aristocracy of ETHICS and CULTURE ...
illustrates move away from FEUDALISM
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Four characteristics of Confucianism: _____tic, _____tic, this _____, and ______
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HUMANISTIC, OPTIMISTIC, this-WORLDY, and ACTIVIST
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Confucianism was family-like, where _____ _____ was stressed as well as the ____ _____ _____. Define both of em.
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FILIAL PIETY was stressed, as well as FIVE CARDINAL RELATIONSHIPS.
Filial piety - duty of inferiors to superiors such as wife to husband, son to father, younger to older, citizen to king.
Five cardinal relatioinships - parent/child, husband/wife, older sibling/younger sibling, older…
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Confuscianism stressed compassion and politeness toward ______ and ______
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STRANGERS and INFERIORS
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A confucianism follower, Mencius (aka Mengzi) advocated a ____ government in which the ruler embraced benevolance and righteousness as his main goals.
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LIBERAL govt
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Which confucianism follower believed that human nature is essentially good?
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Mencius
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What is the collection of Early Zhou lore, records, and practices with later elaborations?
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Later Confucian Canon
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The Later Confucian Canon, compiled by _________, included the five ______. Name one of them.
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compiled by CONFUCIANISTS, included the five CLASSICS. One example is I-CHING
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Name 2 Confucian Dialogues
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The Analects and The Mencius (later addition to canon, less dialogues than pronouncements)
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Founded by Lao-Tzu, ____ was an anti-confucianism
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Daoism
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Daoism is anti-confucianist in what 3 ways?
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It's NON SOCIAL, ESCAPIST, and NON-CONFORMIST
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Daoism was _____ and believed in the sensual, _____ world illusory
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MYSTICAL
MATERIAL world illusory
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Daoism was _____ for the elite and ________ for masses
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PANTHEISTIC for elite
POLYTHEISTIC for masses
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Non-Action concept of Daoism
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Wu-Wei
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Wu-Wei was a concept of non-action, _____, ______, doing without _____
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UNSELFCONSCIOUSNESS, SPONTANEITY/INSTINCT, doing without STRIVING
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Hsun-Tsu was a ________ist who had a school of thought: ________
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CONFUCIANIST
LEGALISM
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Legalism gave power to the ______ and was charactertic of what 5 things?
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power to the STATES
Centralized Govt
Royal Will as law
impersonal law and punishment as key to public morality
impersonal bureaucracy
meritocratic govt to best serve prince
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What thing rejected traditional rituals and ethics due to hard-nosed, unromantic realism?
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Legalism
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LEgalism maximized economic production due to competivie ____ ____ in land, regulation of ________, public ________, forced _______
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competitive FREE MARKET
regulation of PEOPLE
public WORKS
forced LABOR
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What was the first Legalist state?
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Qin - the first empire
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What did the Qin do with intellectuals and books?
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MASSACRED intellectuals
BURNED books
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The Qin was _______ in that it overthrows all other states
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MILITARISTIC
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The Qin was a long-lived empire: True or False
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FALSE
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The Qin standardized _____, _____ and _____, ______, and Chinese _____
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ROADS, WEIGHTS and MEASURES, CURRENCY, and chinese SCRIPT
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What Chinese empire has kinder, gentler imperalism due to its compromise with aristocrats and people and had mixed legalism and confucianist ideals?
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Han empire
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In the Han empire, confucianism was the official _____, and some ______ practices were maintained
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official PHILOSOPHY, some LEGALIST practices were maintained
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Which Chinese empire had an examination system?
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Han
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Name 3 subject duties (of a citizen) the Han had
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Taxes
Forced Labor
Military Service
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the Han had central state control of most _______
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PROVINCES
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At the lower level govt, the Han had ______ self-government
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VILLAGE (Local Autonomy)
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Name 4 Han innovations
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Paper
Porcelain
Compass
Spinning Wheel/Water Mill
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The Han was strong in what two academic fields?
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Math and astronomy
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Name 4 key things discovered relating to math and astronomy during the Han empire
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Name 4 key things discovered relating to math and astronomy during the Han empire
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The Han declined and fell due to _____ization, ______ uprisings, and rise of aristocratic ________, _________ downturn, ________ going to tax-free states
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REFEUDALIZATION
RELIGIOUS uprisings
aristocratic WARLORDS
ECONOMIC downturn
PEASANTS going to tax free states
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The peasants of the declining Han fled to avoid _______ and forced ______
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avoid TAXES and forced SERVICE (labor/military)
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What religious sects proliferated (got bigger) during the decline of the Han?
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Daoist sects
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During the decline of which era were there private armies made to combat uprisings? This gave the ______ more power
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Han
REGIONS more power
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What overthrew the Han?
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Warlords taking control
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After the Han collapsed, what religion was introduced?
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Buddhism
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Who was invading during the Post-Han disunity (conflicted era)?
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Barbarian nomads
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The barbarian nomadic invasions of the post-han were former military ______.
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VASSALS
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What were 3 barbarian successor states in the north that were invading the Post-Han?
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What were 3 barbarian successor states in the north that were invading the Post-Han?
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There was Sui and Tang reuinification after what empire?
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Han
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After the Han, what successor state unified China?
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Wei (barbarian)
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Indian Classical age dissent due to citique of the ____ and ____ religions, critique of the ______ system, _________ and scientific questioning, ______ dissent, and other cultural innovations such as the _______
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critique of BRHMANISM and VEDIC religions
critique of CASTE system
PHILISOPHICAL and scientific questioning
RELIGIOUS dissent
other innovations such as the ALPHABET - Brahmi script (from Aramaic)
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In classical india, Buddhism rejected what 3 things of the late ______ religion?
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late VEDIC relgion.
Rejected caste, brahmanism, vedas
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What buddhist thing means "release, salvation enlightenment?"
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Moksha
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What 5 things did Buddhism partially elaborate on?
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Meditation
Moksha
Karma
Reincarnation
Nirvana
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Buddhism partially rejected ______ in its extremes, but elaborated on it moderately
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ASCETICISM (self discipline, absention from all indulgence)
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Buddhism partially elaborated on ______ (non-violence) and _______ness/_______
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AHIMSA, and SELFLESSNESS/COMPASSION
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What religion had little emphasis on divinity and theology?
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Buddhism - believed salvation not a divine gift but a natural process
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3 Main Buddhistic Tenets: The four _______ _____, the way to salvation: _______ _______, and ________
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four NOBLE TRUTHS, way to salvation: EIGHTFOLD PATH, and NIRVANA
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What are the four noble truths? They linked between ________ and _______. What religion is this part of?
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1. Life means suffering.
2. The origin of suffering is attachment.
3. The cessation of suffering is attainable.
4. The path to the cessation of suffering.
Linked between SUFFERING and DESIRE
Part of BUDDHISM
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In India, rising _______ were centers of classical age dissent and Buddhism
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TOWNS
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There was social appeal of Buddhism due to lower _______ and the women were ____
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lower CASTES
women were NUNS
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Buddhism believed in cheaper worship (no expensive _______)
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SACRIFICES
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Due to the lower caste system of buddhism, _______ could learn/become a priest
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ANYONE
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Buddhism critiqued Vedism and Brahmanism. The Vedic and Brahmanist response was ________
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HINDUISM
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Hinduism adopted dissident trends such as _________ and _______
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ASCETISM and SELFLESSNESS
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Bhagavad Gita has to do with ______
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SELFLESSNESS
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What religion had religious differentiation (all things to all people)?
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(early) Hinduism
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When Hinduism was created, ________ic, __________ic, and ________ core was maintained
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VEDIC, BRAHMANISTIC, CASTE core
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What religion had multiple paths to salvation?
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Hinduism
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What religion had multiple theisms?
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Hinduism
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What were the 3 or 4 theisms of Hinduism?
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Monotheism/Trinitarianism
Pantheism
Polytheism
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Pantheism in Hinduism was the union of _______ and ______
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ATMAN and BRAHMAN
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In later Buddhism, it returned to what theism?
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POLYTHEISM
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In later Buddhism, who was deified?
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Buddha
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Later buddhism competed with what religion for popular appeal?
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Hinduism
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In later buddhism, there was less focus on _______ and more focus on ______
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NIRVANA, more focus on HEAVEN
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Later buddhist trends had ______ saints
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Bodhisattva
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In the context of Classical Indian dissent, civilizational renaissance was characteristic of ________ shift, _______ change (return of cities and commerce), _______ change (return of large states), and the birth of ______ (Brahmi script alphabet)
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GEOGRAPHIC shift, SOCIAL change, POLITICAL change, birth of LITERACY
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What empire was an expansion of the Maghada kingdom?
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Mauryan empire (India)
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What was the first Indian megastate?
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Chandragupta Maurya
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Chandragupta Maurya (Indian megastate) had _____ taxes, _____ commerce and trade, ________ tolerance, was a police ______, and the government was involved with its _______
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HIGH taxes, RICH commerce and trade, RELIGIOIUS tolerance, police STATE, government involved in ECONOMY
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What was the magnificent capital city of Changragupta Maurya?
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Patna
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Ashoka was the emporer of what empire?
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Mauryan Empire (India)
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Ashoka, the Mauryan ruler, believed in _______ ideals and institutions (which was characteristic of "_____") - he had things such as public ________. He also believed in non-______
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HUMANE ideals and institutions, characteristic of DHARMA
public HOSPITALS
non-VIOLENCE
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Ashoka, the Mauryan ruler, made _____ as state policy due to his non-violence ideals
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Ahimsa
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Gupta Empire was like Mauryan empire in what 3 ways? ______ names, capital at ______, and similar public institutions
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MONARCH names, capital at PATNA, similar public institutions
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Gupta empire had a scientific golden age due to _____, _______, and ______
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ASTRONOMY, MATH, MEDICINE
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What empire made vaccinations?
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Gupta
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What empire addressed old Vedic controversies in astronomy and mathematics?
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Gupta
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What empire figured out the Earths circumference?
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Gupta
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The invasion of ______ led to the collapse of the Gupta Empire
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HUNS
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SE Asia had what 2 rich river valleys?
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Mekong and Red
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SE Asian Agriculture was characteristic of _____ (farming technique), ________ (crop), and ________ (what do they do with the crop)
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IRRIGATION, RICE, and TRADE
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The Austronesian (Malaysian) maritime states had a sea link with _______. Name 4 of these maritime states:
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sea link with INDIA.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, South Vietnamese Coast (Champa)
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The Persians and Medes were of _____ origin nad found in the mountains and plateaus of _____
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ARYAN origin, IRAN
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Perdians and Medes in Iran practiced which religion?
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ZOROASTRIANISM
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Who was the Assyrian Chief God?
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Ashur
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Which empire was the largest near east empire?
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Persian empire
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Persian empire had a ________lized control of regions
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CENTRALIZED
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What were 4 characteristics of the centralized control of the Persian empire? ______apies, roving ______, _____ garrisons, and a _______ system
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SATRAPIES
roving INSPECTORS
MILITARY garrisons
POST system
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Persian empire tolerated _______ and _______
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RELIGION and CULTURE
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Suez canal was built by which empire?
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Persian
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Which empire had road police?
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Persian
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Cyrus the Great ruled which empire?
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Persian
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The persian empire had local city-states for local self administration: True/False
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True
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Greece had city-states called _____
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Polis(es)
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Greece had a ride in trade, but was still mainly ______
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AGRICULTURAL
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Greece was ________ly diverse
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POLITICALLY
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Although greece was politically diverse, it still had some commonalities: ______ and ______
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POLIS and CITIZEN SOLDIERS
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What was the Greek religion?
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GREEK PANTHEON
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Greek Pantheon was characteristic of ______ gods, patron _______, and household ______
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PERSONAL gods
patron DIETIES
household SHRINES
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Democracy: Sparta or Athens?
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Athens
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Collectivism: Athens or Sparta?
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Sparta
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Individualism: Athens or Sparta?
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Athens
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Slavery: Athens or Sparta?
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Athens
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Mixed System: Athens or Sparta?
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Sparta
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Militarism: Athens or Sparta?
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THIS IS SPARTAAAAAAAAA
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Greek culture was defined by Drama, _____, philosophy, ______, ______ture, and ______ture
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HISTORY
SCIENCE
ACHITECTURE (like the acropolis)
and SCULPTURE
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Early greek philosophers believed in ______ism and ________ism
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ATOMISM and MATERIALISM
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Plato was a continuation of ______
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SOCRATES
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Rationalism was characteristic of SOCRATES, ARISTOTLE, PLATO (pick 2)
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SOCRATES and ARISTOTLE
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Humanism was characteristic of SOCRATES, ARISTOTLE, or PLATO
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SOCRATES
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Morality and ethics: SOCRATES, ARISTOTLES, or PLATO
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SOCRATES
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Persian War was ______ vs ______
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GREEKS vs PERSIANS
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The hot gates, or thermopylae, was which war?
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Persian war
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Athens Vs. Sparta was the ________ war
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Peloponnesian
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The ______ Conquest made the greek Polis no longer central
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MACEDONIAN
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The Macedonian conquest was led by King ______
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Philip
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King Philip, from the Macedonian Conquest, used a _____-______ phalanx
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LONG-PIKE
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Alexander the Great led the conquest of ______ empire, making for Greek unity
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PERSIAN empire
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During the Hellenistic Period in Greece, the states the were successors were _____-ian (the dude whose ideals they were run by)
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ALEXANDRIAN
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what period in Greece and the surrounding region were the cultural ideals less militaristic and heroic and more civilian and realistically human?
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Hellenistic period
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What were the 2 life philosophies of the Hellenistic?
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STOICISM and EPICUREANISM
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The Hellenistic was characteristic of Polis federations and the decline of _____
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DEMOCRACY
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During the Hellenistic, Egypt had ________ies for the monarchy
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PTOLEMIES
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During the Hellenistic, Persia and Mesopotamia had _______ for the monarchy
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Seleucids
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The Hellenistic period was multi-_______
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multi-CULTURAL
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GHIST 101 : EXAM 2