106 Cards in this Set
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- substance use disorders
- substance-induced disorders
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Substance-related disorders divided into:
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Tolerance
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Diminished response to drug after repeated exposure
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Withdrawal
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Physical symptoms associated with removal of drug
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- caffeine
- nicotine
- alcohol
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commonly used "licit" drugs
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Nicotine
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Considered CNS stimulant and sedative
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Nicotine
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Releases adrenaline and dopamine
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Alcohol
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CNS sedative/depressant
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Alcohol
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Affects GABA
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Brains primary inhibitory neurotransmitter
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GABA
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Hallucinations
Delirium tremens (DTs)
Formication
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Alcohol serious withdrawal symptoms
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Cirrhosis
Wernicke-Korsakoffsyndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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Alcohol serious physical effects
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- Marijuana
- CNS Stimulants
- Sedative Drugs
- Opioids
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Commonly used illicit drugs
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Marijuana
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Stimulates dopamine release
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- amphetamine
- cocaine
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CNS stimulants
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- Ecstasy (MDMA)
- Crystal methamphetamine
- Legal amphetamines
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Amphetamines
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Cocaine
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Was a legal additive to cigars and cigarettes
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Barbiturates
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Often used to counteract effect of “uppers”
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Barbiturates
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Act on GABA system (like alcohol)
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- Valium
- Xanax
- Rohypnol
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Benzodiazepines
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Benzodiazepines
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"Mothers little helper"
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- heroin
- morphine
- codeine
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Opioids
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Opioids
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CNS sedative/depressant
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endorphins
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body's natural opioids
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Increased risk for HIV, hepatitis
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Risk of using needles
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codeine and morphine
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rescription misuse
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Hallucinations
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Produce altered states of sensation and perception
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psilocybin
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"magic mushrooms"
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mescaline
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peyote cactus
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- psilocybin
- mescaline
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naturally occurring halluciniogens
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LSD
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synthetic hallucinogens
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euphoria or sedation
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inhalants are chemical vapors that lead to
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50-60%
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alcohol heritability
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deficits in "brain reward pathway"
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People at risk for drug abuse have
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dopamine, serotonin, GABA, endorphins
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"brain reward pathways"
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relapse prevention
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Uses functional analysis
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Motivational Enhancement Therapy
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Identify person’s place on thetranstheoretical model (TTM)– 5 stage model of change
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- Strengths-based
- Collaborative
- Goal-setting
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Types of Motivational Interviewing
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aversion therapy
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Pairs substance use with negative/painful stimulus
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Contingency management approaches
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Treatment compliance = rewards!
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detoxification
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Medically supervised drug withdrawal
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agonist substitution
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Substitutes chemically-safe form of drug
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nicotine replacement therapy
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Used as part of comprehensive smoking cessation program
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antagonist treatment
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Pleasurable effects of drug abuse blocked
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vaccines
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Produce antibodies that bind to drug and prevents pleasurable effect
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downers/sedatives/depressants,stimulants/uppers, and hallucinogens or all-a-rounders
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Drugs can be classified as
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all-a-rounders
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have properties of both depressants and stimulants
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nature and nurture
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Drug and alcohol abuse stems from a combination of both
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psychosis
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Characterized by loss of contact with reality
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hallucination
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False sensory perception
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Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, physical trauma
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Psychosis can occur as a result of brain changes/damages from
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schizophrenia
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Characterized by disorganization in thought, perception, behavior
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•Delusions
•Hallucinations
•Disorganized speech (AKA “Word Salad”)
•Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior
•Negative symptoms
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need two or more for schizophrenia
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Kraeplin
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Dementia praecox
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bleuler
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renamed to schizophrenia
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1.Ambivalence
2.Disturbances of affect
3.Disturbances of association
4.Preference for fantasy over reality
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4 core symptoms of Bleuler
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splitting from reality
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schizo =
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delusion
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Belief held contrary to reality
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Persecutory Delusion
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being watched by others or an agency
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Delusion of Reference
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random events being directed towards person
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Grandiose Delusion
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person has great power, knowledge, or talent
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Delusions of Being Controlled
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thoughts, feelings, or behaviors controlled by an outside force
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Thought Broadcasting
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thoughts are being broadcast into others’ minds
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Somatic Delusion
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Appearance or part of one’s body is diseased or altered
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thought blocking
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Unusually long pauses in patient’s speech during a conversation
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Clang associations
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Speech governed by words that sound alike rather than words that have meaning
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catatonia
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Person awake but unresponsive to external stimuli
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Anhedonia
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Lack of interest, pleasure
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Avolition
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Apathy/Lack of follow-through
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Alogia
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Decreased quality/quantity of speech
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waxy flexibility
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Remaining in the same position for long periods; when moved, stay that way
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catatonia
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inability to control muscle movement other than reflexive movement
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paranoia
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delusions/hallucinations of a persecutory and frightening nature
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echolalia
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repeating what others say
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mutism
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behavior unresponsive to commands/suggestions
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5%
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schizo suicide rate
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Schizoaffective Disorder
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Both Schizophrenia AND Mood Disorder
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thorazine, haldol
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Antipsychotics -Typical (first generation)
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clozapine, risperdal, zyprexa
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Antipsychotics - atypical
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tardive dyskinesia
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Serious side effect of first generation antipsychotics
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ways of seeing, interpreting, or behaving in the world become inflexible and maladaptive
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personality disorder diagnosed when
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trait
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Personality characteristic that is stableacross situations, time, and events
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- Persistant
- Pervasive
- Pathological
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Personality disorder components
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personality disorder
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“pathological amplification of underlying traits
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1.Cluster A(weird)
—- Odd or eccentric
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2.Cluster B(wild)
—- Dramatic, emotional or erratic
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3.Cluster C(worried)
- —Anxious or fearful
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Personality Disorder Clusters
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- Paranoid Personality
- Schizoid Personality
- Schizotypal Personality
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Cluster A disorders
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- Antisocial Personality (ASPD)
- Narcissistic Personality
- Borderline Personality
- Histrionic Personality
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Cluster B disorders
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psychopathy
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Personality disorder characterized by superficial charm, manipulativeness, and pervasive lack of empathy and guilt
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- Avoidant Personality
- Dependent Personality
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
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Cluster C disorders
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OCPD
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Stress related to conflict between client and others
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- Openness
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
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Five-Factor Model
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
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Treatment of
Borderline Personality Disorder
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Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics
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Medications for BPD
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culture
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an accumulation of values, rules of behaviors, forms of expression, religious beliefs, and occupational choices for a group of people who share a common language and environment.
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cultural universality
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belief that the origin, process, and manifestation of disorders are equally applicable across cultures.
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cultural relativism
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belief that what is judged to be normal or abnormal may vary from one culture to another
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•Step 1: Note the cultural identity of the person
•Step 2: Develop an understanding of possible cultural explanations for illness.
•Step 3: Develop an understanding of any cultural factors related to psychosocial environment and levels of functioning.
•Step 4: Assess cultural elements …
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Cultural Formulation
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cultural formulation andculture-bound syndromes
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the DSM-5 includes an appendix providing guidance on
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Ataque denervios
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assault of nerves
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Boufféedélirante
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resembles Brief Psychotic Disorder
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Ghost Sickness
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physical and psychological symptoms linked with the deceased
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Koro
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intense fear that the penis will recede into the body
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Brain Fag
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occurs when students’ brains become fatigued
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Mal de Ojo
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"evil eye"
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1.Becoming aware of one's own assumptions, values, bias
2.Understanding the worldview of culturally diverse clients
3.Developing appropriate interventions
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3 goals for clinicians to achieve cultural competence:
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idiographically
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Clients should be assessed
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bigger
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Within-group differences are generally _____than between-group differences.
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PSYC 281: EXAM 1