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WVU PSYC 281 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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Chapter 5: Somatic Symptom and related, Dissociative, and Factitious DisordersChapter 6: Mood DisordersChapter 7: Feeding and Eating DisordersChapter 8: Gender and Sexual DisordersPSYCH 281 1st EditionExam # 2 StudyGuideChapter 5: Somatic Symptom and related, Dissociative, and Factitious DisordersFor each disorder below, identify the core symptoms, epidemiology, treatments, and theories ofdevelopment (etiology).Somatic Symptom and related Disorders- Condition in which physical symptoms or concerns about an illness cannot be explained by medical or specific psychological disorder- Excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors related to somatic symptomso All of which are out of proportion to the symptoms….- Somatic symptoms are related disorders that are grouped together because they have the common feature of physical complaints that cannot be explained medically- Somatic Symptom Disordero NOT hypochondriac (remember)o One or more somatic with abnormal/excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors regarding the symptoms Must be disproportionate to the symptoms!o High anxiety about healtho Common: chronic pain, stomachacheso NO MEDICAL REASON WHY- Conversion Disordero Client only presents pseudoneurological complaints Sensory or motor probs Symptoms not compatible with recognized neurological/ medical symptomso Symptoms arise after a stressoro 10-15% of people later found to have had an actual medical conditiono Dramatic symptomso Three main types: Motor symptoms- Muscle weakness- Globus hystericus Psychogenic or non-seizures and convulsions- Beginning in the mind Sensory deficits- Loss of touch/pain- Glove anesthesia o All feeling is lost below the wrist- Illness Anxiety Disordero Preoccupation with having/acquiring a serious illness Despite doctors reassuranceo Mild to no somatic symptoms Excessive preoccupationo Excessive health-related behaviors or may avoid situations associated with fearo High comorbidity with anxiety and depressive disorderso Diff between somatic symptom disorders?- Somatic Disorders: Epidemiologyo 14-20% of people in general community report symptom disordero Outside the US Sociocultural explanation of physical symptoms is more common than psychological- Family/community probs Easier to acknowledge that stress of emotions are influencing physical symptoms- Somatic symptom disorders and functional impairmento Unemployment, missed days of worko Overuse of health serviceso Physical disabilityo Social Isoloationo Illness anxiety disorder…Factitious Disorders - Factitious disordero Physical or psychological symptoms are intentionally produced Not motivated by possibility of gaining external incentives  Desiree to assume sick role- Why? Aware they are producing symptoms but don’t know whyo First described as “Munchausen syndromeo Two Types Factitious disorder imposed on self Factitious disorder imposed on anothero Deceptive practices used to produce signs of illnesso Tactics used: Will go to hospital during times there are less experienced staff Will invent false demographic info May sometimes invent false psychological symptoms- Depression/grief over “death” of individuals  Faking temperature, chest pain- Etiology of Factitious Disorderso Why would people make themselves ill?o Some theories… Gain mastery or control over an unpredictable environment  Masochism- take pleasure in physical pain Deprived childhood- want attention and care Attempt to master trauma- recreating trauma with physician as symbolic “abuser” Behavioral:- Positive reinforcement (Ex: attention) of illness behaviors by others No controlled trials for treatment of factitious disorders- Malingeringo Physical symptoms are intentionally produced to gain incentives or avoid unwanted situations Ex: fake injury to get money from lawsuit; fake illness to get out of military service Fake ADHD symptom to get Adderall - Factitious disorder imposed on otherso Physical or psychological symptoms intentionally produced in someone else Most often child by parent (usually mother) Considered a form of child abuse- Children can die or be seriously injuredDissociative Disorders- What is dissociation?o You find that when you’re watching TV or a movie you become so absorbed in the story that you are unaware of other events happening around youo “Were you listening to me?”o “Detachment from reality” Versus “loss of reality” in psychosis- Psychosis is harder to come back fromo Exists on a continuum- mild to severe Mild may be daydreaming Severe may be you living in your own little world detached more severely from reality - Dissociative amnesiao Amnestic/dissociative fugueo Amnesia Inability to recall important info Medical, not psychological, causeo Dissociative Amnesia Inability to recall important or personal info Usually follows stressful/traumatic event Psychological, not medical, causeo Types of dissociative Amnesia  Localized amnesia - Can’t remember what happened to you two weeks ago- Certain period of time’ Generalized amnesia- Can’t remember aspect of ones life Selective amnesia- Can’t remember some elements of traumatic experiment With dissociative fugue- Apparently purposeful travel/wandering associated with the amnesia **Considered naturally reversible; many people can later recall events they could not previously describe- Depersonalization/derealization disordero Feelings of being detached from one’s body or mind (depersonalization) AND/ORo Feelings of unfamiliarity/unreality about one’s physical or interpersonal environment (derealization)o Unclear prevalence rates Higher rates reported from impatient settings (depends on setting) Little data from outpatient sampleso Typical age of onset 16-23 yearso Highly comorbid with other mood and anxiety disorders Hard to diagnose- Dissociative Identity Disordero Within one person Two or more distinct personality states (or “alters”)- Can be observed or reported- May be described in some cultures as possession At least two identities repeatedly take control over person’s behavior Inability to recall large amounts of personal info, everyday events, or traumatic events - Ex: The three faces of Eveo May have different tones, body language, education levels,etco DID- Valid Diagnosis? Few research


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