ENTO 322: Review Final - Flashcards
84 Cards in this Set
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Entomology
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The study of insects
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Entomon
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Designates creatures we call insects
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Insecare
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Meaning to cut. Refers to segmented body of insect
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Hexapoda
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six footed
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How are insects valuable to humans?
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They provide many useful products and are important pollinators of fruits and vegetables on which we're reliant.
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What percent of insects are harmful?
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5%
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Why are insects successful?
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They have an exoskeleton that protects them from the outside world, they are small so they can easily hide from predators, they are capable of flight, they change forms during their life (metamorphosis), and they produce a large amount of offspring.
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Taxonomy
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The science of naming, classifying, and identifying organisms specific nomenclatures.
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Carl Linnaeus
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Repsonsible for the binomial naming system
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Taxonomic arrangement
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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3 Domains
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Eubacteria - single cell, cell membrane, simple DNA Archaebacteria - single cell, cell membrane, complex DNA Eukaryota - nucleus, complex DNA
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4 Kingdoms
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Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi
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Characteristics of Arthropods
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Segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeletons, bilaterally symmetrical, dorsal heart, ventral nerve cord, sexual reproduction
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3 subphylums
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Cheliccerata (spiders/ticks) Crustacea (Isopods, shrimp) Atelocerata (insects, millipedes, centipedes)
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Class Chilopoda
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Centipedes
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How many antennae do centipedes have?
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1 pair
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What is the difference between centipedes and millipedes?
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Centipedes have 1 pair of legs per segment while millipedes have 2 pairs per segment
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Class Diplopoda
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Millipedes
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What organisms are in the class malacostraca?
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shrimp, crabs, lobsters, pill bugs
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Malacostraca have a jointed head and throax called...
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cephalothorax
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How many legs do malacostraca have?
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5 or more pairs
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How many pairs of antennae do malacostraca have?
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2 pairs
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Order Isopoda
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Pill bugs
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Order Decapoda
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Lobsters, shrimp, crabs
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Class arachnida
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Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
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Class Hexapoda
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Insects
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How many pairs of antennae do insects have?
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1 pair
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How many pairs of legs do insects have?
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3 pair
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How many pairs of wings do insects have?
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2 pair
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Dichotomous keys
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A key that helps identify the type of organism. Set in couplets.
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Order Collembola
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Springtails Have furcula that propels them through the air
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Order Thysanura
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Silverfish Covered in scales Live in damp, warm places
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Order Ephemeroptera
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Mayflies Only insect to have a sub-adult phase
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Order Odonata
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Dragonflies Uses legs like a basket for catching prey in midair
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Order Phasmatodea
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Walkingsticks Elongated body with stick-like appearance
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Order Orthoptera
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Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids Chirping and singing
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Order Blattodea
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Cockroach
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Order Mantodea
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Praying mantis, mantid, soothsayer Freely movable head
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Order Isoptera
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Termite Break down cellulose
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Order Dermaptera
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Earwig
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Order Embiidina
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Web-spinners Live in silken galleries
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Order Plecoptera
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Stoneflies
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Order Psocoptera
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Psocids, book lice, bark lice Live amongst books
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Order Phthiraptera, Suborder Anoplura
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Sucking lice Head narrower than thorax
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Order Phthiraptera, Suborder Mallophaga
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Chewing lice Head is wider than thorax
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Order Hemiptera, Suborder Heteroptera
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True bugs
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Order Hemiptera, Suborder Auchenorrhyncha
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cicadeas and leafhoppers
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Order Hemiptera, Suborder Sternorryncha
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Aphids, scales, and white flies
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Order Thysanoptera
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Thrips
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Order Neuroptera
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Alderflies, Dobsonflies, Fishflies, Lacewings 4 membranous wings
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Order Trichoptera
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Caddisflies and rockrollers
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Order Coleoptera
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Beetles
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Order Siphonaptera
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Fleas
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Order Diptera
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Flies, gnats, mosquitoes
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Order Lepidoptera
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Butterflies, moths
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Order Hymenoptera
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Ants, bees, wasps, sawflies
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Simple metamorphosis
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3 stages: egg, nymph adult
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3 types of simple metamorphosis
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Ametamorphosis - looks almost the same at each stage Gradual - Looks different each time it sheds Incomplete - Part of life cycle in water
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complete metamorphosis
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4 stages: Egg, Larvae, pupa, adult
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Reference collection of insects in a large museum
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A library of info
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type specimens
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Sepcimens shipped all over the world to be studied
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Holotype
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Speciman used to name the new species
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Name examples of equipment used to capture and preserve insects
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Nets, beating sheets, light traps, suction traps, killing jars, spreaders/dryers, envelopes to hold insects, aspirators, berlese funnels, and drags
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Tools used for insect preservation
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Pins, points, alcohol, mounts, moth crystals or freezing insects to protect from insect scavengers
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What goes on the first label in an insect collection?
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Location, Date, Collector
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Protothorax
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Bears the 1st pair of legs
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Mesothorax
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The mesothorax is the middle of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the second pair of legs.
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Metathorax
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The metathorax is the posterior of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the third pair of legs.
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How many segments does the head have?
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3-7
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How many segments does the abdomen have?
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11
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Exoskeleton
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A skeleton or supporting structure on the outside of the insect body and in the foregut and hindgut
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What is the exoskeleton made of?
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Chitin
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Name the 4 main structures of the head.
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Antennae - sensory Simple eyes - 1 eye cell Ocelli (simple metamorphosis) or stemmata (complete meta) Mouthparts
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Name the 3 main structures of the thorax
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Legs Wings Spiracles
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Spiracles
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Holes on the outside of the body that provide oxygen to the muscles
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Name the structures of the abdomen
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Spiracles Valves - mating and egg laying Ovipositor - helps female lay eggs Penis Styles Cerci - sensory, long tails
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Name 3 external sensory structures
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Hairs Pegs Stretch receptors
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Name the 5 mouth parts
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Labrum Clypeus Mandibles Maxilla Labium
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Termites have what type of antennae?
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Termites have what type of antennae?
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Bees, wasps, and ants have what type of antennae?
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Geniculate
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Male butterflies and moths have a feathery type antennae called...
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plumose
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Is the nervous system ventral or dorsal?
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Ventral
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Structure of nervous system
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Double cord connected to brain with 4 large ganglion masses along the 1st chord Subesophagal ganglion Prothothoracic ganglion Meothoracic ganglion Metathoracic ganglion
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Function of nervous system
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Regulation of systems Sensory
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ENTO 322: Review Final - Flashcards