NUTR 202: EXAM 2
33 Cards in this Set
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Animal-Based Dietary Sources of Protein
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Meat, eggs, dairy; high in saturated fat and cholesterol; provide B-vitamins
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Plant-Based Dietary Sources of Protein
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Grains, nuts, legumes; low in saturated fat and no cholesterol; high in fiber, phytochemicals and unsaturated fat
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Soluble Fiber
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Dietary fiber that blocks bile reabsorption and promotes dietary cholesterol excretion
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Amino Acid Structure
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Acid Group (-COOH), Amine Group (NH2), Unique Side Chain
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Number of Essential Amino Acids
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9
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Peptide bond
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the bond between and amino acid in which the acid group of one amino acid is connected to the amine group of another amino acid
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Denaturation
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alteration of the proteins 3D structure due to exposure to heat, acids, bases, or salts Process starts in the stomach
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Hydrochloric Acid
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A strong acid made by the stomach that aids in protein digestion
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Pepsin
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A protein-digesting enzyme produced by the stomach. It is secreted in the gastric juice in an inactive form (pepsinogen) and activated by acid in the stomach
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Protease
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a protein digesting enzyme
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Amino Acid
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Building blocks of proteins. each contains an amino group, an acid group, and a unique side chain
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Di/Tripeptide
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two/three amino acids linked by a peptide bond
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Transport Protein
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A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane.
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Active Transport
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Moving amino acids from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with energy and a carrier molecule
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Transamination
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transfer of the amine group from one amino acid to another to create the nonessential amino acid
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Gene
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DNA segment that codes for a specific protein
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Transcription
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the process of copying the information in DNA to a molecule of mRNA
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Translation
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the process of translating the mRNA code into the amino acid sequence of a protein
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tRNA
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molecule that reads and brings the amino acid to the ribosome to make protein
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Protein functions
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enzymes to speed up chemical reactions; structures; hormones or chemical signals; transportation of substances; movement of muscles; immunity; blood clotting; fluid balance
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Deamination
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the removal of the amino group from an amino acid
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Kwashiorkor
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pure protein deficiency; characterized by edema (swelling) especially in the belly
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Marasmus
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severe energy and protein deficiency; characterized by wasting
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Protein
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food allergies occur when this is absorbed without being fully digested
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Celiac Disease
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autoimmune condition due to allergic reaction to protein known as gluten; results in the lumen of the small intestine being flattened
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Negative Nitrogen Balance
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more nitrogen coming out than going in; result from injury or illness
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Positive Nitrogen Balance
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more nitrogen going in than coming out; result of growth and development
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10-35%
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AMDR for protein
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Protein Quality
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ability to provide essential amino acids; determined by digestibility and amino acid profile
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Complete Dietary Proteins
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proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids and some of the nonessential ones
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Incomplete proteins
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proteins that are low in one or more essential amino acids
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Tofu
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Which of the following is a complete protein that a vegan would/could eat
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Vitamins
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Organic compounds essential in the diet to promote growth and maintenance
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Nutrition 202 Exam 1 Flashcards