LING 1010: EXAM 3
44 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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semantics
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study of meaning
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pragmatics
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study of meaning in context
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truth
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when true: accurately reflects a state of affairs in the world
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truth-value
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either TRUE or FALSE
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truth conditions
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what the world must be like in order for a sentence to be true
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object language
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language being studied
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metalanguage
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used to describe language being studied
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Compositionality Principle
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(1) meaning of its parts
(2) the way they are put together
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ambiguity
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when something has more than one meaning (Irish dance teacher)
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homograph
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spelled same, different meanings (bat, bat)
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homophone
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sound the same, different meanings (board, bored)
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synonym
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same/similar meanings (fast, quick)
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antonym
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opposite meanings (short, tall)
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hypernym
|
general term
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hyponym
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specific kinds of
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entailment
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truth of A guarantees the truth of B
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implicature
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speaker might reasonably imply, but does not entail
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quantifier
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type of determiner word that indicated quantity (all, some, none)
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Cooperative Principle
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we expect out interlocutors to be "cooperative" during a conversation (Grice)
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Gricean Maxims of Conversation
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quality, quantity, relation, manner
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maxim of quality
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don't say what you believe to be false; don't say anything without evidence
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maxim of quantity
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make contribution as informative as needed; don't say what you do not have evidence for
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maxim of relation
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be relative
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maxim of manner
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avoid obscurity; avoid ambiguity; be brief; be orderly
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locution
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literal, word-for-word meaning of a sentence
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illocution
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speaker's intentions; why they are making the utterance
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perlocution
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what the listener thinks about what the speaker said; how the listener responds to the utterance
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performative verb
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verb that names its own implementation (ex: resign, sentence, christen)
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acquisition of sign languages
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stages are similar for sign and spoken languages; acquisition is "automatic" for "deaf of deaf"
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aphasia in sign languages
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foreign accent if acquisition starts after puberty; grammar depends on Broca's area
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Lingua Franca
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standard language used for communication between speakers of different languages
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pidgin
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(1) no stable vocabulary
(2) no consistent word order
(3) no embedded clauses
(4) no consistent use of function words
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creole
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(1) stable vocabulary
(2) consistent word order
(3) embedded clauses
(4) consistent use of function words
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superstrate language
|
language used by dominant socioeconomic class
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lexifier language
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source for most of vocabulary
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substrate language
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original native language of speakers
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Bioprogram Hypothesis
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creole languages use default parameters (Universal Grammar)
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critical period
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until age 7
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syntax
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rule system that governs structure of sentences (children's sign language has syntax)
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syntax
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gestures used by individual to communicate with hearing family
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signing space
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spacial morphology on verbs
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Universal Grammar
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theoretically inborn set of structural characteristics shared by all languages
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principles
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universal across languages
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parameters
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variations across languages
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LING 1010: EXAM 1