BIOLOGY 315: EXAM 4
22 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Hilus or hilum
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medial slit where the vessels enter/leave the kidney
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renal capsule
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capsule of dense connective tissue that surrounds whole kidney
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renal sinus
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large space within the kidney, lateral to the hilus. contains main branches of renal vessels, fat, and nerves, most important urine-carrying ducts
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renal pelvis
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largest urine-carrying duct.
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glomerular capsule
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(bowman's capsule) hollow sphere with a wall formed by epithelial cells. filtration of blood occurs. receives filtrate
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glomerulus
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ball of capillaries that indents the capsule. glomerular capsule surrounds it.
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renal corpuscle
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site where filtration occurs. fluid leaves the blood of the glomerulus capillaries as a filtrate that enters the glomerular capsule
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proximal convoluted tubule
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twisty, formed by simple cuboidal epithelium
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loop of nephron
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has descending and ascending limbs. pumps and concentrates molecules for osmotic gradient.
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descending and ascending limbs
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descending: short and straight, then narrow thin segment.
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thin segment
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simple squamous epithelium. continues into ascending limb and joins with thick segment of the ascending limb
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thick segment of the ascending limb
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simple cuboidal epithelial cells.
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distal convoluted tubule
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twisty final part of nephron. meets with collecting duct. simple cuboidal epithelial cells.
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juxtamedullary nephrons
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nephrons whose renal corpuscles lie deep in the renal cortex, next to the medulla.
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cortical nephrons
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nephrons whose renal corpuscles lie farther up in cortex.
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afferent arteriole
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blood vessel that brings blood to the glomerulus
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efferent arteriole
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blood vessel that carries blood away from the glomerular capillaries.
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peritubular capillaries
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efferent arterioles lead to it. associate with proximal and distal convoluted tubules in renal cortex. pick up and reclain desirable ions and molecules that are pumped out of the filtrate.
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vasa recta
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efferent arterioles lead to it. extend down into the renal medulla to surround the loop of nephron. function in process by which urine is concentrated.
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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secreted by pituitary gland. changes permeability of collecting ducts.
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juxtaglomerular complex
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lies near each glomerulus. regulate blood pressure and volume
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podocytes
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foot cells. inner layer of epithelium in glomerulus. wrap around capillaries of glomerulus like octopus.
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BIOLOGY 315: EXAM 4