BIOM 315 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. None since it's the first lecture Outline of Current Lecture II. Structural Organization of Anatomya. Cellular Levelb. Organ systemIII. Cell differentiationa. Stem CellsIV. Tissue EngineeringCurrent Lecture- Introductiono Anatomy: the study of the structure of the human body Dissection: I cut up Prosection: already cut up - Overview of Anatomyo Branches of anatomy Gross anatomy (visible to naked eye; muscles, bones, organs) Microscopic anatomy (histology) Developmental anatomy (embryology) Comparative anatomy (correspondence of form) Functional morphology (correlate form with specific function)- The Hierarchy of Structural Organizationo Chemical level: atoms form molecules Elements of life: C, H, O, N, S, Ca & P - C, H & O are the common elements found in all biological systems Macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids), and nucleic acidso Cellular level: cells and their functional subunits Organelles: perform specific cell functionso Tissue level: group of cells performing a common function 4 primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscleo Organ level: a discrete structure made up of more than one tissueo Organ system: organs working together for a common purposeo Organism: the result of all simpler levels working in unisonThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-- Cells in the Bodyo Over 100 trillion cells in human body 252 indentified types of cellso Cells must carry out all processes necessary for survival of the cell plus each cell must perform specific functions required for survival of organism (No Slackers)- Cell differentiationo Differentiation: process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions Results from altered gene expression in response to locally produced moleculeso Undifferentiated cells = stem cellso 2 main categories of stem cells embryonic stem cells: pluripotent (can become any cell type of adult)- totipotent cell = zygote, first divisions – can become any cell including placenta Tissue specific stem cells: partially specialized, found in many adult tissues- Tissue engineering accomplishments using stem cellso Engineered skin patches are being used to treat burn victimso Lab grown cartilage grafts are already in useo Tissue engineered urinary bladders have been successfully transplanted into humanso Tissue engineered supports for nerve regeneration are being tested in animalso Progress has been made in growing complex organs like liver and pancreas (3-D printing) Ex: tissue engineered bladder, bioengineered bones, culture