Blood Exam 3 10 21 15 10 23 15 Overview Two Circuits 1 pulmonary 2 systemic blood ows through a closed circuit of hollow tubes powered by pumping action of heart functions of blood blood volume carries respiratory gasses nutrients wastes and hormones helps body regulate temperature males 5 6 liters females 4 5 liters Composition of Blood specialized connective tissue blood cells formed elements plasma uid portion Hematocrit of red blood cells serum plasma minus clotting protiens males 47 5 females 42 5 avg 45 Blood Plasma 55 of blood Straw colored sticky uid portion of blood 90 water contains ions nutrients wastes and proteins Proteins Albumins most abundant maintain osmotic pressure Globulins transport of ions lipids hormones antibodies alpha and beta globulins gamma globulins Fibrinogen converted to brin blood clotting Staining acidic dye eosin stains pink basic dye hematoxylin or methylene blue stains blue purple Erythrocytes RBC 7 5 m in diameter hemoglobin oxygen carrying protiein mature cells have no organelles or nuclei biconcave shape 30 more surface area originate in bone marrow live 100 120 days Leukocytes WBC light staining center avg 7500 per cubic millimeter protect body from infectious microorganisms function outside the bloodstream in loose connective tissue Diapedesis circulating leukocytes leave the capillaries bt squeezing between endothelial cells leukocytes leaving bloodstream by diapedesis 2 types of leukocytes Granulocytes contain enzyme lled vesicles in cytoplasm Neutrophils most numerous phagocytize bacteria release enzymes destroy bacteria nucleus is multi lobed 2 6 lobes AKA polymorphonucleated granulocytes immature cells don t have multi lobed nuclei band cells Eosinophils 1 4 of all WBCs granules appear neutral in color nuclei stains blue stained by eosin play roles in turing off allergic reactions helping to ght off parasitic infections Basophils 0 5 of all WBCs nucleus has 2 lobes granules stained by basic purple dye secrete histamine function in in ammation mediation similar to mast cells Agranulocytes lack vesicles Lymphocytes 20 45 of WBCs most important in immune system cytoplasm looks smooth nucleus stains purple ght infectious organisms secrete antibodies T Cells attack foreign cells directly B Cells multiply to become plasma cells visually small silver cytoplasm to one side Monocytes 4 8 of WBCs largest leukocytes nucleus is kidney shaped transform into macrophages and leave bloodstream and enter loose areolar connective tissue Phagocytic cells Platelets Not whole cells but cell fragments break off from megakaryocytes in bone marrow up to 500 000 per microliter of blood Have vesicles containing molecules that help initiate the clotting of blood form platelet plug to prevent loss of blood from injured blood vessel SUMMARY