PSY 200: EDP Quiz #2
20 Cards in this Set
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SEXUAL STRATEGIES THEORY THEMES
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Men engage in STM as a primary reproductive strategy when they are young and their mate value is high. They settle down into LTM relationships when they are older.
Women engage in LTM as a primary reproductive strategy when they are young and their mate value is high, but have STM (af…
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Gender Differences in Mating- Investment in Mating
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—Reproduction
-Men produce 12 million sperm per hour
-Women produce 400 ova over a lifetime
—Offspring
-Males: potential for minimal investment
-Females: potential for 9 months AND much longer
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Parental Investment Theory (Trivers, 1972)
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Sex that invests more (females) in offspring will be more selective in mating.
Sex that invests less in offspring (males) will be more competitive for access to the higher-investing sex.
-- In LTM, women should be adapted to look for males with high mate value (but men want high value…
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WOMEN’S MATE PREFERENCES-selecting a mate that is able to invest
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volved Preferences:
-—Good financial prospects
—-Social status
Cues:
-—Older
—-Financial Cues
—-Ambition
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Evidence for Selecting a mate that is able to invest
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Able to invest
Good financial prospects
-—Rated on a scale from 0 (irrelevant) to 3 (indispensable)
1939- women rated 1.80, Men .90
1985- women rated 1.90, Men 1.02
1996- women rated 1.99, Men 1.42
Older Men
-—Marriage
~ Women marry men who are 3.42 years older…
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Women's Mate Preference 2- selecting a mate that is willing to invest
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Evolved Preferences:
-—Dependability
—-Love
Cues:
-—Reliable, predictable
—-Commitment
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Evidence for selecting a mate that is willing to invest
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Love and commitment
-—Sprecher et al. (1994)
~ 89 % of American women require it
~ 82 % of Japanese women require it
Dependability
—-Buss et al. (1990) ~ 37 cultures
~ Rated on a scale from 0 (irrelevant) to 3 (indispensable)
~ Across all cultures women rated as 2…
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Women's Mate Preference- selecting a mate that is able to physically protect self and children
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Evolved Preferences:
-—Strength
—-Bravery
Cues:
-—Height
—-Athletic ability
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Evidence for selecting a mate that is able to physically protect self and children
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Height
-—Marriage
Women prefer marriage partners to be 5’11’’
Taller men more desirable than shorter men (Ellis, 1992)
-—Personal ads
80% women want men 6’0” or taller (Cameron et al., 1978)
Taller men - more responses (Lynn & Shurgot, 1984)
Athletic Ability
-—Ma…
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Women's Mate Preference- selecting a good parent
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Evolved Preferences:
-—Kindness
—-Emotional Stability
Cues:
-—Positive Interactions with children
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Evidence fo selecting a good parent
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La Cerra (1994)
-—240 women rated pictures on attractiveness as:
Date
Sexual partner
Marriage partner
Friend
Neighbor
La Cerra (1994)
-—Findings:
Man interacting with an 18 mo.-old child
-—Ranked highest 2.75
Man ignoring a crying child
— …
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Women's Mate Preference- selecting a mate who is compatible
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Evolved Preferences:
-—Similar attitude
—-Similar personality
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Cues:
-—Finding similarities
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Evidence for selecting a mate who is compatible
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Personality
-—Husbands and wives with similar personality characteristics report greater marital satisfaction (Richard, Wakefield, Lewak, 1990)
Attitudes
-—Potential mates with similar attitudes rated higher on likability (Lehr & Geher, 2006)
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Women's Mate Preference- selecting a mate who is healthy
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Evolved Preferences:
— -Physical Attractiveness
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Cues:
-—Symmetry
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Evidence for selecting a mate who is healthy
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Symmetry indicates:
-—Physiological health
— -Psychological health
More symmetrical men have:
-—More lifetime sexual partners
— -Less investment in LTM
-—More aggression in intrasexual competition
— -Cues (other than visual):
~Voice
~Smell
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The Power Of Ovulation
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Women are more attracted to “better” mates during ovulation
-—More symmetrical
— -Show greater male-male dominance
— -Genetically dissimilar (aka variation)
Oral contraceptives disrupt this relationship
Do oral contraceptives influence a woman’s ability to:
— -Be attracted t…
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Men and Commitment
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Low parental investment allows:
— -Increased benefits from short-term mating
So why do men choose to commit?
— -Women require it
— -Increase in women’s mate quality
— -Increase in offspring’s chance for survival
— -Increase in paternity certainty
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Men's Preference- selecting a mate who will have children
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Evolved preferences:
-—Fertility
~Number of children a person has actually had
~Likelihood of conceiving now
~More preferred in STM
— -Reproductive value
~Number of children a person of a given age or sex is likely to have in the future
~More preferr…
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Evidence for selecting a mate who will have children
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YOUTH
Men prefer women ~2.4 years younger
In LTM, age is not as important as reproductive value
BEAUTY
Physical cues
-clear, smooth skin/clear eyes/lustrous, long hair/good muscle tone/waist hip ratio
Behavioral Cues
-youthful gait/animated facial expressions/high energy level
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Evidence for selecting a mate who will have children (continued)
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OVULATION
Men have evolved to detect ovulation:
-—Skin glows, becomes vascularized
— -Skin lightens
-—WHR decreases (estrogen)
-—Sexual desire increases
Women with these cues are touched more often by men
-in bars
-by husbands
**Women are more likely to provide more r…
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PSY 200: EDP Quiz #2