BIOL 3333: EXAM 4
32 Cards in this Set
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Endonuclease
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Enzyme the cuts DNA at specific sequence
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Eukaryote
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A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle.
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Exonuclease
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an enzyme that removes the terminal nucleotide of nucleic acids
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DNA gyrase
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causes double stranded breaks in DNA to relieve tension of unwinding
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Helicase
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Untwist the double helix at replication fork, seperating parental strands, break H bonds
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Ligase
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Seals gaps between okazaki fragments
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nucleoside
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when a base is attached to only a sugar
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Nucleotide
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the building block of a nucleic acid, which is a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base & phosphate group
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phosphodiester bond
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formed between a 3' (OH) group and a 5' (PO4) of the next nucleotide
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DNA Polymerase
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Enzyme that adds new nucleotides to the DNA strand
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Primase
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An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication, using the parental DNA strand as a template
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Primer
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artificially made pieces of single stranded DNA that are 20 to 30 nucleotides long that must be present for DNA polymerase to initiate replication
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Primosome
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initiates strand synthesis by forming RNA primer
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Prokaryote
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Am organism lacking a true nucleus.
Ex. bacterium or blue-gree alga
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Purine
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-Adenine
-Guanine
Double ring
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Pyrimidine
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A nitrogenous base with 1 ring. The pyrimidines are cytosine (C), uracil (U) which is only present in RNA, and thymine (T) which is only present in DNA.
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Repetitive DNA
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DNA that is present in multiple copies in the genome.
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Replication
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The process by which DNA copies itself during interphase.
- Multiply, Copy
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simiconservative replication
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Describes the mechanism by which DNA is replicated in all known cells.
This would leave the two original template DNA strands together in a double helix and would produce a copy of two more strands
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Single Strand Binding Protein
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Hold the DNA as single stranded during DNA replication; prevents DNA from closing
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DNA template
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the DNA fragment to be copied
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Topoisomerase
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cuts the DNA downstream and release the tension in the DNA as it unwinds.
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transcription
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the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA
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Translation
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Cellular ribosomes manufacture proteins.
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aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
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active site attaches amino acid and tRNA hydrolysis ATP
20 different synthetases
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Anticodon
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A region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA; recognizes codon by anti parallel pairing
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auxotroph
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bacterial mutant that has lost the ability to synthesize an essential nutrient or metabolite
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anti codon
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a triplet of bases that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA
Three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA
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elongation factors
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proteins involved in the elongation phase of translation, assisting ribosomes in the synthesis of the growing peptide chain.
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Initiation Factors
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Enzymes that produce the complex of mRNA, ribosomal subunits, and the start tRNA, thus initiating translation.
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mRNA
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serves as a template for protein synthesis
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stop codons/termination codons/nonsense codons
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Exam 4
Made by Scotty Vo in BIOLOGY 3333 at University of Oklahoma
32 Cards / 0 HiddenSORT BY CHANGE VIEW
Endonuclease
Enzyme the cuts DNA at specific sequence
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle.
Exonuclease
an enzyme that removes th…
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BIOL 3333: EXAM 4