HIST 151:Final Exam
75 Cards in this Set
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Early Cold War
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FDR Dies in 1945 from a stroke. Truman becomes President. He continued on with unconditional victory and felt lucky in the fact that there was no fighting on U.S. soil.
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Sources of Conflict between US and USSR
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USSR was in bad shape. 20 million lives lost, physical damage of the land. Strengths= military. They were still in Eastern Europe trying to extend its power and protect themselves from Germany.
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Reasons for Mistrust between US and USSR
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D-day June 6, 1944. The bomb: 1945 Dropped for revenge for Pearl Harbor and racism. 1949 USSR get their own bomb. Truman and Stollen did not get along.
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Lessons of Munich and Pearl Harbor
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Be Prepared. Case study in failure of apeasement of Munich: Don't give in to bullies. Both help to change American foriegn Policy.
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Truman Doctrine
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1947- New American Forgien Policy shaped around containment. Local Greek rebels wanted to overthrow the greek monarchy. Truman goes to congress and says if Greece falls to communism so will Turkey. Congress gave $400 million to put down rebellion.
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George Kennan
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Thought that Soviets were moving too quickly but would only stop with force. U.S. must contain USSR.
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NCS-68
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Still containment. Communism is a monulific world movement directed by the cremlin.
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Walter Lippman
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Journalist. Containment was deeply illogical for victory. Makes bit strategic error. Essential and nonessential parts of the globe.
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Truman and Fair Deal
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21 Point Program- Based on the belief that the U.S. is entering a period of prosperity. -Every American ha the right to a good job. -Every American ha the right to a good education. -Every American ha the right to decent housing. -Every American ha the right to adequate medical care. Perm…
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growth of Keynesianism
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Private sector. 1949 growing defense industry.
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GI Bill
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Offered educational and economic assistance to servicemen. Applied to any American soldier that was put in a uniform during the war. It gave temporary unemployed men pay, gave hiring preferences, created a whole new system of hospitals, gave low interest home and business loans, paid tuit…
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Taft Hartley Act
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Congress 1947. Right to work laws. Can opt out of a Union. Restrict political power of unions. All union leaders had a sign anti-communisty afadafits.
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Joe McCarthy
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was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist subversion.[1] He w…
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Fair Deal Liberalism
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Generally Hostile congress. Minimum wage increased frome .40 to .70. Social security expanded to cover more workers. National Housing act of 1949.
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National Civil Rights Commission
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1947- Executive Order 9981- 1948. Desegregates armed forces.
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1950s American Family Ideal
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Men expected to work hard. Homosexauls= weak. Sacrifices: women- education and men- couldn't just pick up and open own business.
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Kitchen Debate
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The Kitchen Debate was a series of impromptu exchanges (through interpreters) between the US and USSR in Moscow. an entire house was built that the American exhibitors claimed anyone in America could afford. It was filled with labor-saving and recreational devices meant to represent the f…
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Baby Boom
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A baby boom is any period marked by a greatly increased birth rate.
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early Television
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Most Popular Leisure Time activity. 1947- 10 station and 7000 TV sets 1948 CBS and NBC- Regular scheduled programing 1950- 7 million TV sets. Gender appropriate shows. Female- Daytime doing something while watching TV. Males- Relaxed position. No remote until 1960
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Domino Theory
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The domino theory was a foreign policy theory during the 1950s to 1980s, promoted at times by the government of the United States, that speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.
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Vietcong
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The Vietcong (Vit Cng), or National Liberation Front, was a political organisation and army in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War (1959-1975).
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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The Ho Chi Minh trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia.
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Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society
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Commitment to ending poverty and ending racial injustice. 1965 Voting rights act and 1964 civil rights act. War on Poverty. Social welface. Economic opportunity act (1964). Creates office of econ opportunity. Job cops. Education. NEH. Housing and Urban Development
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Medicare/Medicaid
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1965- To help underprivleged families and families without insurance. Food stamps.
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NEH
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The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent federal agency of the United States established by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities.
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Housing and Urban Development
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The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, also known as HUD, is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government. 1964- Urban mass transit act 1964- Housing act- Public housing and rent subsidies. 1965- Metro area redevelopment and …
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Wilderness Act
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The Wilderness Act of 1964 () was written by Howard Zahniser of The Wilderness Society. comprised 9.1 million acres (37,000 kmò) of national forest wilderness areas in the United States of America previously protected by administrative orders.
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1965 Immigration Act
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Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (Hart-Celler Act, INS, Act of 1965, ) abolished the national-origin quotas that had been in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924. It was proposed by United States Representative Emanuel Celler of New York, co-sponsored by Uni…
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beatniks
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Beatnik, a media stereotype of the 1950s and early 1960s, was a synthesis of the more superficial aspects of the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s into violent film images and a cartoonish misrepresentation of the real-life people and the spirituality found in Jack Kerouac's …
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2nd Reconstruction
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Unfinished business. Racial Discrimination de jure and de facto.
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Thurgood Marshall
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Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 - January 24, 1993) was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States.
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Brown v. Board of Eduaction
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1954- New Chief Justice- Earl Warren said supreme court should be used to protect the poor. May 1954 Eunanomously rules no more school segregation
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Brown II
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Segregation must end everywhere with all delibrate speed- vague.
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Cesar Chavez
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Csar Estrada Chvez (March 31, 1927 - April 23, 1993) was a Mexican American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
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Rosa Parks
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Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 - October 24, 2005) was an African American civil rights activist whom the U.S.
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SCLC
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Martin Luther King Jr. Organization. Non-violent protest.
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SNCC
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1960- Student non-violent Cordinating Comittee.
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beloved community
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Interracial community
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Freedom Rides
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Freedom Riders were Civil Rights activists who rode on interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia had outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that cros…
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Greensboro sit-ins
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The Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action in the African-American Civil Rights Movement, leading to increased national sentiment at a crucial period in American history.
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CORE- "Ink for Jack"
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Congress on Racial Economy. 1962- "Ink for Jack" Kenndy Signs the end of segregation by stroke of pen
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1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII
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No discrimintation on race and gender.
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1965 Voting Rights Act
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The National Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the United States.
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Watts Riot 1965
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Symbol of racial rave. African Americans Pay high rents, schools were poor and underfunded. Faced openly racist police force.
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Stokely Carmichael
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Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael (June 29, 1941 November 15, 1998), also known as Kwame Toure, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement.
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Malcolm X
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Malcolm X () (born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 February 21, 1965), also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (), was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist.
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Black Panthers
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Huey Newton and Bobby Seal were the founders. They believe the police in US used to keep whites in power. Patrol the streets of Oakland to make sure African Americans aren't being treated unfairly. Free breakfast for school age children (any race), free clothes and shoes and free health c…
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Women's Movement
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The term feminism can be used to describe a political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing more rights and legal protection for women.
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etty Friedan
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Betty Friedan (February 4, 1921 - February 4, 2006) was an American writer, activist and feminist.
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NOW
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1966 Formation of the National Organization fo Women. Betty Friedan was the first president. Middle of the road feminism.
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radical feminism
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Radical feminism is a "current" within feminism that focuses on the theory of patriarchy as a system of power that organizes society into a complex of relationships based on an assumption of "male supremacy" used to oppress women.
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Robert McNamara
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Secretary of Defense. Sends memo to the prestident. States that the war is dangerous and costly in lives and upsetting to the American Public.
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SDS
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Students for a Democratic society. Founder was Tom Hayden 1962.
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The Resistance
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Help Draft Dogers. Disrupt the draft by setting fires to files and putting blood on files.
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1968 election
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Robert Kennedy was Candidate but was assassinated June 5, 1968. Democratic National Convention Hubert Humphry least hated choice. Richard Nixon Wins election. "silent Majority."
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Robert F. Kennedy
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Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (November 20, 1925 - June 6, 1968), also referred to by his initials RFK, was an American politician.
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southern Strategy
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In American politics, the Southern strategy refers to a Republican Party (GOP) method of winning Southern states in the latter decades of the 20th century and first decade of the 21st century by exploiting opposition among the once segregationist South to the cultural upheaval of New Left…
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Nixon and Vietnam
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Increases bombing. Bombs parts of Cambodia and Loas. 25% of Cambodia killed.
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Vietnamization"
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Program intended to strengthen South Vietnam. Had 4th largest air force.
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Warren Burger
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Warren Earl Burger (September 17, 1907 - June 25, 1995) was Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986. Although Burger had conservative leanings, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered a variety of transformative and controversial decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious …
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg
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the Court held that busing was an appropriate remedy for the problem of racial imbalance among schools, even where the imbalance resulted from the selection of students based on geographic proximity to the school rather than from deliberate assignment based on race
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Roe v. Wade
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The Court held that a woman may abort her pregnancy for any reason, up until the "point at which the fetus becomes 'viable.'"
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Watergate
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The Watergate scandal was a political scandal in the United States in the 1970s. Orders cheif of staff to tell CIA not to look into break-in. Convicted Jan 1973. Nixon fires everyone who tries to push him to release the tapes. Releases heavily edited transcripts of the tapes. Supreme cour…
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CREEP
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Commitee to Re-elect President. Attorny General John Mitchell solicate funds from wealth individuals. Raised over $20 Million dollars. Some used for watergate breakin.
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John Dean
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John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) was White House Counsel to United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. As White House Counsel, he became deeply involved in events leading up to the Watergate burglaries and the subsequent Watergate scandal cover up, …
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John Ehrlichman
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John Daniel Ehrlichman (March 20, 1925 - February 14, 1999) was counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon.
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OPEC
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The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC; , ) is a cartel of twelve countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
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energy crisis
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An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy.
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deindustrialization
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Deindustrialization (also spelled deindustrialisation) is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry.
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New Right
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Backlash. Growing opposition to busing, affirmitive action, gay rights, equal rights, anti-abortion movement. "politics of resentment" working class whites "special interest groups" women, minorities, gays.
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Jerry Falwell
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Televangelists. Moral Majority. Against feminism, abortion, pornography, gay rights. He was for traditional gender roles, family cohesion, Anti-communitst, heterosexual relationships.
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Moral Majority
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The Moral Majority was a political organization of the United States which had an agenda of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying.
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Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911- June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981-1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967-1975).
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Reaganomics
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Reaganomics (a portmanteau of Reagan and economics attributed to Paul Harvey) refers to the economic policies promoted by the U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to: 1.Deduct government spending, 2.Reduce income and capital gain…
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"teflon" President
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Teflon is a nickname given to persons, particularly in politics, to whom criticism does not seem to stick.
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Study Guide: Final Exam