81 Cards in this Set
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Trust Buster
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-The reason why President Teddy Roosevelt was called a trust buster was that he made decisions against big business. Big business wanted to get together and eliminate competition. The President put a stop to such practices to protect the worker and the consumers.
-TR wanted to stop collu…
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Hepburn Railway Act
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-Used in the Interstate Commerce Act
-Created penalties for RR companies when they charged too much for fares-Created a competitive RR market along with creating a pricing schedule for distances traveled and places
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Clayton Act
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-Created to strengthen the Sherman Act
-the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipience-Created the FTC and put into act by congressman Clayton
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Roosevelt Corollary
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-Stated that there were to be not more new English settlers in the Northern hemisphere
-Made countries mediate through the US-Added to the Monroe Doctrine-Eventually repealed in the 30's
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Federal Reserve Act
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-Set national banking laws and rules
-22b was in hands of one family-Also called the "Last Steagal"
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Mueller vs. Oregon
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-Case in which women did not want to work more than 10hours a day
-Mueller wanted the women to work, Oregon did not-The Oregon law was upheld and Mueller lost-Brand Ice- brief that allows people to bring extenuation circumstances to court
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Muck Rakers
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-Considered the spokespersons of this era
-The term came from a book called "Pilgrims Progress", in which had a character that drug his feet and raked up muck
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"The Jungle"
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-Book written by Upton Sinclair
-He lived amongst the immigrants in NY-Visited the meat packing plants then wrote the book "the Jungle"-Teddy R. read the book and called a meeting the day of-Created the Pure Food and Drug Act which made every ingestible food have labeling
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Jane Addams
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-Jane was a progressive
-Bought and created a house for the poor people in which they would teach how to make money in certain areas, which was called Settlement Houses (started in Chicago)-Created a movement that was called the Settlement House Movement.
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Triangle Shirt Waist Fire
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-Working with needles and clothing was the #1 industry and employer in NY
-"the needles"was anyone who worked in the industry-"Triangle Factory" was one of the 100s of factories like it in NY-"Shirt waist" was fancy dress clothes and suits-Doors were locked in the factory unless it was b…
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Booker T. Washington
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-Booker T. Washington- was a poor man from Alabama and was a former slave.
-Created the Tuskegee Agency which allowed blacks to gain education in the south and become mechanics
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W.E. Debois
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- W.E. was a wealthy black man that was born into wealth
-Created the NAACP and sponsored black power
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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-United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
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Woodrow Wilson
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-He was the president during the first world war
-Ran for the Democratic Party-Won the election over Taft and Teddy-Final progressive President-Very racist and segregated the White House
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1916 Election
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-Wilson ran again using the slogan "kept the US out of the war"
-Won but eventually did join the war
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Arch Duke Ferdinand
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-He was the Arch Duke from the Asto-Hungarian empire
-Visited Seria and was shot-Did not start the war for America-US was the 11th nation to join the war
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U-Boats
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-Underwater boats that the Germans made
-Considered in-humane as they could sink dozens of boats
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Lusitania
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-Brittish vessel of the coast
-Germans told the Us to stay out of Britain as they were shipping weapons-U-boat hit and sunk the ship in 18 minutes, along with killing Americans-Did eventually find weapons in one of the hold in the ship
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Zimmerman Telegram
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-Germany wrote a telegram to the Mexican president asking him to attack the south US
-Germany told Mexico that they would get the land they lost before hand-Britain intercepted the telegram and told the US-Germany wanted to keep the US from coming to Europe-Wilson asked congress to decla…
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Allied and Central Powers
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-Allied powers included Great Britain, Belgium, japan, US, and Italy half way through
-Central powers included Automan Empire, Germany, and Bulgaria-Russia wanted to join the Central Powers, but Russia was going through a civil war and the troops were withdrawn to come back to Russia. Cz…
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War Information Board
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-Created by the Wilson Admin. and ran by George Creole
-Creole rose to a high ranking position and watched over people political and war time beliefs-He targeted people that did not believe in the war cause-Considered one of the starting men in the FBI-The board was created to scare the …
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Wilson's 14 Points
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-These were Wilson's visions for a post-war world
1) Independent Poland2) Disassemble the Automan Empire3) Concert of nations which is compared to the league of nations4)Freedom of the seas5) Self determination and all of the nations should determine how they exist and govern themselves6…
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Treaty of Versailles
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-Ends ww1 and decides how much each country owes
- put the blame for the war on Germany- Decided how the land is dived up among the allies (excluding Russia)-Respiration- losers have to pay-War guilt clause- $33B forced on Germany
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League of Nations
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- Basically the early version of the UN
-US never joined, but did send observers to meetings
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WW1 Side Effects
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-Prohibition (18)
-Womens right to vote (19)-22 million dead-Influenza from the Spanish which causes over 700k deaths and causes strikes
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Return to Normalcy
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-Return to lasse faire and had 3 republican presidents in the 20s
-Did not continue the progressive-ism from the previous years-Most people did not like the direction of the US beforehand and wanted a more free market and government
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Harding
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-29th President of the United States (1921–1923)
- Republican from Ohio who served in the Ohio Senate-Many of the politians appointed by him were corrupt- Albert Fall was the Inferior Secretary appointed by Harding, and he was also corrupt
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Coolidge
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-Began as a governor of Massachusetts
-He was nicknamed the "Silent Governor"-When cops went on strike while he was governor, he fired all of them- Took over when Harding died and could be considered a source of the Great Depression-Re-elected in 24'
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Hoover
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-Stock market crashes during his presidency
-"Used the phrase "Business of America is Business"- Unemployment was at 27% at this time
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Teapot Dome
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-Harding took land in Wyoming and sold the oil rights
- Pocketed the money and did not give any of it back to the government
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Ohio Gang
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-President Hoovers precidency
- Basically Harding brought all of his friends into office and gave them political jobs
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Kellogg Pact
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-Kellogg was a representative from the US and Breon was a representative from France
- Kellogg/Breon Pact- War is a nightmare and should be outlawed-Called the "international kiss"- 40+ nations did sign the pact
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Harlem Renaissance
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-Harlem is an area in new york that was half black/white at the time
-This was a rebirth of African American - The "CottonClub" is where jazz is said to have started
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Jazz
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-Former slaves wanted to preserve their culture
-Negro Spiritual- Slave music that was preserved through jazz
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Flappers
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- Young women, short hari, boyish figures, unlit cigarettes, short dresses,
-Usually seen on the covers of magazines-DId a dance called the "Charleston"
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1921 Washington Naval Act
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-Conference with 7 different nations
-Wanted Arms reduction-Japan promised to stop ship building, but they backed out of the act in 36
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Scopes Trial
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-Dayton Tennessee made it illegal to teach evolution in their schools
-ACLU told Mr. Scopes to teach evolution and he did-Tried in court, William Jennings prosecuted Scopes, and Clarence Dero was defending him-Found guilty as it was a law, but the court enforced the smallest penalty poss…
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Great Depression
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-Depression started in Europe and made its way to the US as they could not buy American products
-American loaned Europe money to pay back debt they owed the US in order to keep Europe buying American goods-Factories were overproducing goods as people stopped buying, and many employees l…
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Hooverville
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-towns made completely of wood and cardboard houses
-Hover Blanket- Newpaper-Hoover Hog- A rabbit-Hoover Flag- A broke man with his pockets hanging out
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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-Gov. reached out to small business and gave them loans to stimulate the economy
-Kind of worked and was used after the depression
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Bonus Army 1
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-Former WW1 veterans marched to Washington to get the money the Gov. owed them for the war
-Hoover sent out troops to remove them, and hoover told a man named Dwight to do so
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Bonus Army 2
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- The WW1 troops marched to Washington again
-Hoovers wife came out with lemonade-Hoover opened up houses and places to stay for the veterans, but never paid them
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Margaret Sanger
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-American birth control activist, sex educator, and nurse.
-Sanger popularized the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States-established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America
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Alice Hamilton
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- first woman appointed to the faculty of Harvard University and was a leading expert in the field of occupational health. She was a pioneer in the field of toxicology, studying occupational illnesses and the dangerous effects of industrial metals and chemical compounds on the human body.…
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"Birth of photo-journalism"
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"Progressives and Conservatism"
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-During the 1890s the appeal of the Populist Movement led the state temporarily and briefly away from the Republican Party.
-At the turn of the 20th century, many South Dakotans then embraced the Progressive Movement
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Pancho Villa
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-Francisco Villa or his nickname Pancho Villa
-From 1894 – 1910 Villa ran from the law and joined a group of bandits, eventually becoming their leader
-Villa was recruited for the revolutionary army that was created to unseat Porfirio Diaz, president of Mexico.-Villa attacked Columbus, …
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Bolshevism
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-The strategy developed by the Bolsheviks between 1903 and 1917 with a view to seizing state power and establishing a dictatorship of the proletariat.
-Soviet Communism
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Carrie Cat
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-American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
-founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women.-Catt was active in anti-war causes during the 1920s and 1930s
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"Seeking to Serve"
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"No Mexicans Allowed"
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1932 Election
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Radio/Fireside Chats
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-Radio was used to give the News to people
-Fireside chats were chats given over the radio much like a story-Was used to let America know that Japan was attacking PH
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Brain Trust
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-These were the cabinet members that Roosevelt elected into office
-Most had incredible wealth and intelligence
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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-Very active in FDRs campaining
-Was considered "the legs" of FDR-Eleanor was not allowed to work with foreign policy as she was a woman
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Intro to the New Deal
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-Reform, regulation, relief, recovery through government agencies
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Civilian Conservation Corp
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-Unemployed men 18-35
-250k people were living in train cars-Most people who joined the work camps had no skills-Camps were under strict military ruling and women could not join
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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-took farms out of six states and brought them into the 20th century
-many farms had no electricity-They built over six dams to provide power to these farms
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Agriculture Adjustment Act
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-Farmers were throwing milk into the streets as nobody was buying ti as it was too expensive
-Paid farmers to not farm land and take it out of production-FDR made suppliers pay for the ill use of land, but the suppliers filed a court case against it and eventually won
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Securities and Exchange Commission
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-Put into place after the stock market crashed
-Made laws tracked the market-Made people acquire licences before they could trade on the market-Made "Joseph Kennedy" the president as he had been one of the people that abused the market and made tons of money, so he knew how to catch the …
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Social Security Act
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-Primarily focused on the elderly that lost all of their money in the stock market crash as they could not work
-Gave people a monthly check between $25-30-People are now paid on average $950
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Federal Emergency Relief Agency
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-Used for acts of nature like the dust bowl
-Dispatched to places like Oklahoma that were the hardest hit by the Dust Bowl-Now called FEMA
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Works Progress Administration
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-Put anyone back to work that was unemployed
-Basically handed wads of cash to cities and allowed anyone to work in whatever way they wanted-Many artists, poets, journalists, and some college attendants-FDR asked for 4.8 billion to fund it-13 million Americans participated
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National Labor Relations Act
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-a foundational statute of US labor law which guarantees basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining for better terms and conditions at work
-Also called the Wagner Act and Magna Carta-Put power into labor unions hands and did n…
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Fair Labor Standards Act
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-Introduced a minimum wage of $0.25 an hour
-Also touched on child labor and length of daily work time-45 hours is the most someone can work without getting overtime pay
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Dust Bowl
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-The Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomen…
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Court Packing
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-FDR did not have the judicial side of the Government on his side
-Tried to assign an assistant to any court member over the age of 70 or anyone who had been on the board for over ten years-Congress shut him down and it was considered the darkest time of FDRs presidency
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Sum Up the New Deal
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-Did not end the great depression
-Confirmed a permanent middle class-Created many government agencies that expanded the authority of the Federal Gov.-Created the ideal group of the "new deal liberalists" which believed that the gov. should protect and SERVE
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Father Charles Coughlin
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-commonly known as Father Coughlin
-Early in his career, Coughlin was a vocal supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his early New Deal proposals
-after hinting at attacks on Jewish bankers, Coughlin began to use his radio program to issue antisemitic commentary, and later to support at…
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John Meynard Keynes
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- British economist whose ideas have fundamentally affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, and informed the economic policies of governments.
-Keynes spearheaded a revolution in economic thinking, overturning the older ideas of neoclassical economics that held that fre…
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Textile Workers Strike for Wages
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-In 1934, thousands of workers in Southern textile mills walked off the job seeking better pay and working conditions.
- became one of the biggest industrial strikes in U. S. history.-Workers routinely labored 55 to 60 hours per week on dangerous machinery and brought home less than $10.…
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Huey Long
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-nicknamed The Kingfish, was an American politician who served as the 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935
- A Democrat, he was an outspoken populist who denounced the rich and the banks and cal…
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NYE Committee
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-The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee chaired by U.S.
-The committee investigated the financial and banking interests which underlay United States' involvement in World War I, and was…
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1930 Neutrality Acts
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· -Neutrality acts were generally viewed negatively
· - Made no distinction between aggressor and victim, threating both equally as belligerents
· -- Limited US governments ability to aid Britain against Nazi Germany
· -Acts were repealed In 1941 as German…
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Hitler and the Next Party
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-Rose to power in 1933 in a quest to dominate the European and the world·
-New political party that believed Germans were the pure human race-Believed they were the smartest and best looking race
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Blitzkrieg
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-German word for “lightning war"
-A WW2 tactic first used by the Germans
-Tactic based on speed and surprise and needed military force to be based around a light tank units supported by planes and infantry.
-Developed by an officer named Hans Guderian and called it “Achtung Panzer”
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Atlantic Charter
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-The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued in August 14, 1941 that, early in World War II, defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.
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Cash and Carry (World War II)
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-Cash and carry was a policy requested by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on September 21, 1939. It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1939. The revision allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arrang…
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Manacharia
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D-Day
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-The Normandy landings, codenamed Operation Neptune, were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, in Operation Overlord, during World War II.
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Operation Overlord
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-Operation Overlord was the code name for the Battle of Normandy, the operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II by Allied forces.
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Study Guide: Final Exam