86 Cards in this Set
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Voting Rights Act
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got rid of poll taxes and mandatory literacy tests
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Harry Truman
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took over as president when FDR died
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Potsdam Conference
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split Germany into E and W
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The Iron Curtain
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Churchill's term for the communist take over of eastern european countries, creating a communist wall between themselves and W. Europe
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George F. Kennan
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developed the policy of Containment
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Containment
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idea of learning to live with communism where it already exists, but protect and defend areas prone to fall
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The Truman Doctrine
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provide money and military support to countries trying to fight communist rebel groups. tried out in Italy and worked well, Democratic government saved!
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The Berlin Airlift
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Truman's response to Stalin closing all access in and out of Berlin. Prevented fighting, helped the people and kept our claim on part of Berlin. close to 13 million pounds of food and supplies brought in every day for almost a year starting May, 1948
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Eddie Jacobsen
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Truman's partner when he was in the clothing business; Jewish man
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Concentration Camps
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Nazi's Jewish work camps
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Extermination Camps
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designed specifically to kill all Jewish who enter the gates
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Zionism
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Jewish dream to return to their homeland
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Israel "Born Again"
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May 15, 1948 - with help of Truman and UN, Israeli state created in the Middle East.
Attacked later that day, win using American weapons
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Most difficult foreign affairs issue since 1948
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Israel and its neighbors
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Thomas Dewey
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1948 republican candidate, predicted as landslide winner
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"Whistle Stop Campaign"
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Truman rode the train through the farm belt, stopping to speak at all the little towns. managed to win him the 1948 election, creating largest electoral upset in history
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The Marshall Plan
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created to persuade the American people to willingly provide aide to help rebuild europe and contain communism. boost the countries' economies, people no longer see a need for communism!
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George Marshall
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created the Marshall Plan, Truman's Secretary of State, had been director of military operations during WWII
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization, allied US, Canada and 12 european democracies. if one is attacked, the others come to their assistance
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Warsaw Pact
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alliance of all E. European communist nations to counter-act NATO
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Hydrogen Bombs
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100X as powerful as atomic bomb. US in 1952, Soviets in 1953
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The Arms Race
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competition between US and Soviet Union. 60,000 nuclear weapons created
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B-52 Bombers
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largest bombers created by the US during the Cold War, still in use today
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Chiang Kai-Chek
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leader of the "pro-democratic" Nationalist group in China
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Mao Zedong
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leader of the communist rebel group in china
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Taiwan
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island off of China where Nationalists and Chiang Kai-Chek took refuge; US always believed they would return to take control of China
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The 38th Parallel
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line where Korea was split after WWII. Soviets got N. Korea as communist state, S. Korea remained a self governed democratic and pro-American area
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General Douglas MacArthur
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leader of our "police action" troops in Korea after the N. Korean/Soviet attack. After Chinese join to help them, wanted to use nuclear power and thought Truman incompetent for not. Truman fires him
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Senator Joseph McCarthy
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from WI, claimed to have found 200 communists working in the State Dept.
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McCarthyism
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led by McCarthy, searched the US for anyone thought to not be loyal to America. caused many to be fired, blacklisted, had a "witch hunt" mindset
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The House Un-American Activities Council
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group of House representatives who held investigations similar to those held by McCarthyists
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Joseph Welch
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defends the US Army against McCarthy's claims of communists
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McCarthy vs. the Army
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televised trials in 1954 showed Americans what McCarthy was really like.
McCarthy centured by the senate, no longer allowed to speak in the senate
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22nd Amendment
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Passed in 1952, limits the president to 2 terms in office
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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very moderate republican, won the 1952 and 1956 elections
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Adlai Stevenson
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democrat defeated by Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956
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Korea's Temporary War Treaty
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when Eisenhower informs China, Korea and Russia that "all options are open" as far as nuclear weapons goes, China urges Korea to make a treaty. Peace treaty created in July of 1953, still in place today
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John Foster Dulles
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Eisenhower's Secretary of State; created the policy of Brinkmanship
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Brinkmanship
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idea of taking Soviet Union right to the brink of war, make them think we arent scared to fight; very risky policy
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Stalin's death
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1953 - had suspected his doctors of trying to kill him, put them in jail. when he suffers a severe stroke, no one was there to help
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Nikita Khrushchev
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takes over as Soviet Russia's leader. had been a member of Stalin's inner circle and a general in the Red Army
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Fidel Castro
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communist leader who overthrew the Cuban government
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Francis Gary Powers
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CIA agent and pilot of the U-2 plane that went missing over Russia. Held captive and traded for a captured Soviet spy later
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Election of 1960
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Nixon vs John F. Kennedy
first televised debates
close, but Kennedy won
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Bay of Pigs Fiasco
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April 1961, Kennedy sends Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, but Castro finds out, air support doesnt show in time. makes Russians think JFK is a weak president, and start pouring troops into Cuba
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The Berlin Wall
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built to keep E. Berliners from escaping into W. Berlin. becomes the symbol of the Cold war
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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Oct. 1962 - American U-2 planes discover Soviets installing missile silos in Cuba that would allow them to attack 1/2 of USA. Negotiations occur, they withdraw missiles from Cuba, we agree to never invade Cuba and remove our missiles from Turkey
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The Hotline
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direct link between the White House and the Kremlin in Russia for immediate communication
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Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education
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1954: Browns want to put daughter into white school, sue when not allowed. Supreme court agrees with them, overturning Plessy vs. Ferguson and ordered the integration of all schools and public places
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Assassination of JFK
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Nov. 22, 1963
Dallas, TX
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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killed JFK with 3 shots, arrested and killed 2 days later while being transferred to a different facility by Jack Ruby
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Lyndon Baines Johnson
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JFK's VP: sworn into office after the assasination
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Civil Rights Act
made it illegal to discriminate when people trying to buy a home, no matter their color
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made it illegal to discriminate when people trying to buy a home, no matter their color
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Medicare
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created as part of LBJ's war on poverty and "great society" plan
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Ho Chi Minh
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communist Vietnamese leader
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Viet Minh
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Vietnamese communist party led by Ho Chi Minh
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"Domino Theory"
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if one country falls to communism, others will follow. so, to protect ourselves we must save other countries from being claimed
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17th Parallel
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Vietnam divided into two parts, Ho Chi Minh controlled the N, US establishes a semi-democratic gov in the S.
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Vietnamese Election
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US decides to let the Vietnamese people choose to stay divided, or come together under communist rule, but when it becomes obvious that they were going to choose communism, call the election off. Ho Chi Minh orders an uprising of the people
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Viet Cong
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guerrilla fighters loyal to the N living in the S
known as VC or Charley
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Election of 1964
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Lyndon B Johnson: D
Barry Goldwater: R didnt like large gov, war on poverty etc.
Johnsons campaign created first ever negative adds
Goldwater only carries the deep south
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The Tonkin Gulf Incident
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1964: N. Vietnamese boats attack US boats in international waters, Johnson retaliates by sending air raids
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The Tonkin Resolution
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passed by congress, giving Johnson the ability to grow the military and do what he felt necessary in Vietnam
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Vietnam Difficulties
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no front lines
hard to identify the enemy (Viet Cong used men, women and children)
Viet Cong used many things as improvised weapons
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Punji Spikes
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one of the many improvised weapons of the Viet Cong, these were made of splintered bamboo that they pooped on before tossing them in a hole and covering it up. They cause terrible infections for the victim
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The My Lai Massacre
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US troops were being shot at, so entered into My Lai. They couldnt find the shooters, but many women and children were killed
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Common form of protest against Vietnam war
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men burning draft cards
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"Hawks"
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those in US who wanted a stronger offensive in Vietnam
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"Doves"
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US citizens who wanted us to pull troops out
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The Tet Offensive
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1968 - communists launched a surprise attack on the Tet new year, invading and taking over part of the American Embassy in Vietnam. lasted 2 weeks, resulting in the Viet Cong no longer being a fighting force, and showing US that the war was far from over
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Fragging
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Killing your own officers; one of the many drastic declines in discipline after the Tet Offensive
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Robert F. Kennedy
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JFK's brother
emerges as Democratic leader for 1968 election
killed by middle eastern man name Sirhan Sirhan
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Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
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April 1968
Memphis, Alabama
anti-war because most of those fighting were, by this time, the poor (many of these black)
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Chicago Police Riot
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demonstrators riot outside of the Democratic party's meeting to choose a new nominee for election; police attack and it becomes violent
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Hubert Humphrey
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chosen by democrats to be nominee for the 1968 election
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1968 Election
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D: Hubert Humphrey
R: Richard Nixon
3rd Party: George Wallace - anti integration, bomb Vietnam into the stone age
Humphrey gives a good fight, but Nixon wins
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The "Counter Culture" - Hippies
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people start to gather in small communes in pockets of cities
"drop out and turn on" - remove yourself from mainstream america, turn on your mind through the use of drugs
represented a large number of young people and anti-war believers
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Woodstock
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Aug 1969
showed that the youth of America were in sync with each other, even if not with the rest of the country
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Henry Kissinger
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Nixon's secretary of state; assisted Nixon with "Vietnamization" - slowly turning Vietnam war over to S. Vietnamese forces and pulling our men out
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Kent State
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May 4, 1970
protest against going into Cambodia (to shut off supply routes of N. Vietman)
many shot, 4 killed
most hurt werent even a part of the demonstration
killed any remaining support for the war
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a deal is made with Vietnam
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early 1973
US will pull out troops by a certain date and Vietnam will release the 600+ prisoners of war they were holding
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End of the War
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Spring 1975 N. Vietnam launches a massive attack, we dont want to get involved again, and pull our remaining troops out as fast as possible.
S. Vietnam falls, Saigon renamed as Ho Chi Minh City
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26th Amendment
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Allows 18 yr olds to vote
1971
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Election on 1972
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First time those under 21 can vote
R: Nixon
D: George McGovern - only wins one state
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Nixon Visits China
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1972 - opened the door for USA to recognize China's communist government as official
China able to become a capitalist country now
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Nixon Visits China
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Nixon's VP both terms
resigns when evidence surfaces that when he was still Maryland's governor was infiltrating and getting kickbacks from the gov
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Study Guide: Final Exam