HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Fire!II. What Caused the Deaths?Outline of Current Lecture I. Race in America (Civil War to WWI)a.Current LectureI. Race in Americaa. End of 19th century, becoming most diverse country up until that pointb. Race =attaching meaning to biology and culturec. Social consequencesd. Different societies different decisionse. The Brazilian Magistrate and other stories from the Americasi. Ignacio Martinez – 1880s1. In Mexico, considered white2. Considered white everywhere except US3. Cultural interpretation of physical appearanceii. Henry Caster – 18641. Hired a local guide2. Went to a village/towna. Market, cultural center3. Met a magistratea. Amazingb. Had library, fine wine, spoke several different languages4. Wined and dined5. Magistrate appears to be black, African featuresa. He used to be black, but now he’s a magistrateb. Different societies define race differently6. Take for granted social mobilitya. If work hard, can improve lot in lifeb. Social standing doesn’t inhere, based on individual c. American dream7. Racial and social status interlockedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. If black and doctor, if white and lower – acceptableiii. Reporter in Haiti1. 5% people black2. How do you define black? – Ancestors3. That’s how they defined whitef. **Between the Civil War and WWI, American society reinvented racei. Took a lot of cultural decisions and changed a lot of them1. Invented new institutions, new social meaningsa. KKK, NAACP2. First voting restrictions, segregated rail cars3. First civil rights lawsuits4. English – speaking racea. Differentiate from immigrants5. African American6. Inventing new ways of thinking institutionsII. Jim Crowa. Segregate and separatei. System to separate black from whiteii. It was law – all the way up to the Supreme Courtiii. 1890s1. 30 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, Civil War, Abraham LincolnIII. Alternative Visions a. Before Civil Wari. Slavery had a lot of sinsii. Was not segregated1. Children played together, worshipped together, worked togetheriii. Slavery answered all of race questions1. Who was in which racial/social categories2. Who’s rights were who’s3. All questions up for grabs after Emancipation Proclamationiv. Freed slaves1. Wandered around the South2. Seeking to reunite families3. Most fundamental thing they could do4. Voted in large numbersa. Black mayors, city officials, legislators5. Exercised political rightsa. Participant in shaping American society6. White Republicans would unitev. Redeemers1. Redeem – reclaim white southern political control from black and N. Republican political control2. Colonialisma. Other people controlling our lives from outside3. The negro must be taught4. Adept at manipulating horrors of reconstruction5. When in power, a lot like Jim Crow laws6. Aren’t in power all that much7. Patchwork, not always enforced, short – lived legislation8. Precursor of Jim Crowvi. Conservative Democrats1. Paternalism2. Blacks inferior3. Among most wealthy and influential southerners4. Economically at the top5. Obligation for whites to take care of blacks6. Cared for like children7. Extends premise of black inferioritya. Also extends privileges and care vii. Populists1. Agrarian social protest movement2. Variety of racial visions3. Almost egalitarian4. Tom Watson, GA senator5. Racism is keystones in arch of financial despotism that enslaves us both6. Recognition that poor, rural Southerners have common set of obstaclesa. Credit, high railroad rate, high interest ratesb. By facing common enemy, all in same boat7. Some exceptions, vision doesn’t come to pass8. Watson gathered populist farmersa. Protect black Populist farmer from being lynched9. Doesn’t prevaila. White Southerners adept at persuading casting lot with their racial group and leave economic groupb. Whites want to stick together10. Bottom feeders could be turned into enemies11. Reason: some white Southerners dropping off laddera. Make sure there’s someone underneath youi. Psychologically unsettling to be on the bottom rungof societyb. Redeemers win out – Rise of Jim