HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Beyond Black and WhiteII. NortheastIII. Chinese or Mexican: ArizonaIV. Black, White, Brown: TexasOutline of Current Lecture I. TexasCurrent LectureI. Texasa. Increasingly Hispanici. Some have been there for couple 100 yearsii. After 1890 Mexican immigration picks upb. Political and economic turmoil in Mexico leads to slow c. Explodes w/Mexican Revolutioni. Dislocates ii. ½ million Mexican migratesd. What Race?i. Jim Crowed? Hybrid status like Asians? White?ii. Watch Americans construct whiteness1. Actively creatediii. Hierarchy of rural land-owning/use1. Landownersa. Land primary means of profitb. If you had land, you were fairly well-of2. Tenantsa. Borrowed landb. Owned own tools, implements, animalsc. Rented land from LOi. Grew crop, sell it, was theirs to sellii. Give portion of proceeds (1/4 to 1/3) to LOd. Usually temporary stagei. Step on path to social mobilityii. Save up money, buy own landThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Sharecroppersa. Don’t own land, tools, animals, seeds, or harvested cropb. Work the landi. LO rents tools, animals, sells seedsii. LO decides when to sell etc.iii. SC get ½ or proceeds1. But have to subtract all credit to LO2. But often ended up in the holeiv. Debt patronagec. Usually black4. Farm Workersa. Own nothingb. Paid a wage, hired for particular jobc. Once job is done, have to migrated. Mostly Mexican5. Divideiv. End of 19th Century1. Up land values, down outputa. LO have land, tenants have cropb. Stretches gap between LO and Tc. Social mobility disappearingd. Large # of white farmers not making iti. Fall to lower racial statusii. Fall in economic status, lose come whiteness/ racialstatusv. 18961. Plessy VS. Fergusson2. Texas Supreme Court3. With increase of Mexicans4. Citizenship to voting 5. Couple of polita. Helpb. Ricardo Rodriguez6. African Americans not able to vote, Mexicans should be counted as Indiansa. Naturalized citizens, votingb. What race are Americans?vi. 18961. Court rules on diplomacy2. Says Rodriguez can be a US citizen vii. 18481. Treaty of Guadeloupe – Hidalgo2. Agreed Mexicans in conquered territory have right to vote3. Without law, would be discriminated4. Court didn’t provide legal definition5. Mexicans prominent and importanta. Functioned as whiteb. Some higher, others lower6. More to do with class than raceviii. White mix race and social hierarchy1. Education and cleanliness2. Mexicans and whites go to same schools3. M4. Potential for social mobility5. Social classe. Genderi. Tom Hickey – socialist1. Interested in working w/tenant farmersa. Cooperatives, unions, advocate of interestsb. Against interracialc. Didn’t think of Mexicans before Mexican Revolutioni. Admired leftist rebels (Villa, Zapata) d. Noticed tiese. Had hard time controlling tenant farmers (cooperatives)f. Mexicans ore eager, already trying to work togetherf. Mexican Stereotypei. Inherently docile1. Thinks Mexicans have stronger than whites on North side g. WS Noblei. Lose claim to whiteness, manlinessii. Mexican immigrant become manly white meniii. Lumping of concepts (race, class,