HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Industrial Revolution: A Social RevolutionII. Inhuman ScaleOutline of Current Lecture I. The Gettysburg AddressII. ConsumptionIII. Post-Civil War Consumption Current LectureI. The Gettysburg Addressa. November 19, 1863b. Today still trying to define those words, meanings, and concepts, even todayi. Equality, liberty, menii. Discrepancies in interpretationsII. Consumption: Pre-Civil Wara. Less i. Longer distances for goods to travel, lower availability of goodsii. Bought less, owned lessb. Staplesi. Building blocksii. Bought staples to make into other things1. Fabric  curtains, sheets, clothing2. Flour, sugar, butter, fruit  bread, pies, canning, etc. etc. etc.3. Goose  slaughter yourselfiii. Exceptions1. Small Household itemsa. Jewelry, mirrors, hose, medicine, needlesc. How/Wherei. Little Town1. One room storeii. Outskirts of town1. America overwhelmingly rural2. General store, traveling salesman only ways to buy goods3. Bartering economyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Further out1. Purchasing was seasonala. Men, women, children produce tradable goods year-roundi. Sell the surplus of everything, get money, spend on stuff they needed for the next yeard. Genderi. Lots of similarities in roles of both gendersii. Primarily takes place in and around home iii. Create items barter-able and contributes to household incomeiv. Women not producing income anymore starting in 1850-1870/Post-Civil War period1. Consumption makes it so they don’t have to work anymore, they can just buy their goodse. Connectionsi. People were connected with their communities and who they buy from1. Know item’s origin (crops that have been planted, hog that has been killed, who fashioned that chair)ii. Over time, connections become obscured as social spheres get largerIII. Post-Civil War Consumptiona. New Patternsi. Mass-productionii. Buy more stuffiii. Civil war – overnight demand for hundreds of thousands of uniforms1. Incentive to invest in technology of industrial sewing machines2. After war, infrastructure already set for civilian production3. Clothing Industry takes offa. Cheaper, mass-producediv. Refrigeration and tin cans more readily available 1. Civil War had increased need for imperishable food2. After war, larger scale3. Buying only staples dies awaya. More food mass-produced cheaply, transited by rail networkv. Final Products consumedIV. Aaron Montgomery Warda. Barrel manufactureri. One of 6 employeesii. Barrels made by handb. Left at 19 for general store in Michiganc. Moved to Chicagoi. Worked at Marshall Field’s1. Department storesii. 1871 wants to go into business for himself1. Savings wiped out in Great Chicago Fireiii. 1872 launches first mail order catalog1. One page, really low prices2. Chicago Tribune thinks it’s a fraudiv. Transition1. Before people dealt only with someone they knew2. “You-send-money, I’ll-send-goods” method not trusted by a lot of people, thinking they’d get swindledv. The Grange1. Protest movement2. Farmers3. Objected to middlemen4. Formed purchasing cooperativesa. Redistributed at fair prices5. Ward sent catalog to 40 Grangersa. Widely supported6. The “Original Grange Wholesale Supply House”a. Volume, sold large amount at low pricesb. Saved overhead costs of rent, clerks, etc. of a dep’t store7. By 1873, catalog was 8 pagesa. 1880s – 540 pgs, 124,000 items, 750,000 customersb. 1990s – 12,000 pgs, 17,000 illustrations8. Mail-orders a huge hit9. Purchasing revolutionized10. Purchased more of what they